UMR 5175 CEFE - Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier, Cedex 05, France.
New Phytol. 2011 Jan;189(2):395-407. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03541.x. Epub 2010 Nov 19.
Inbreeding depression is a major evolutionary and ecological force that influences population dynamics and the evolution of inbreeding-avoidance traits such as mating systems and dispersal. There is now compelling evidence that inbreeding depression is environment-dependent. Here, we discuss ecological and evolutionary consequences of environment-dependent inbreeding depression. The environmental dependence of inbreeding depression may be caused by environment-dependent phenotypic expression, environment-dependent dominance, and environment-dependent natural selection. The existence of environment-dependent inbreeding depression challenges classical models of inbreeding as caused by unconditionally deleterious alleles, and suggests that balancing selection may shape inbreeding depression in natural populations; loci associated with inbreeding depression in some environments may even contribute to adaptation to others. Environment-dependent inbreeding depression also has important, often neglected, ecological and evolutionary consequences: it can influence the demography of marginal or colonizing populations and alter adaptive optima of mating systems, dispersal, and their associated traits. Incorporating the environmental dependence of inbreeding depression into theoretical models and empirical studies is necessary for understanding the genetic and ecological basis of inbreeding depression and its consequences in natural populations.
近亲繁殖衰退是一种主要的进化和生态力量，它影响着种群动态以及避免近亲繁殖的特征（如交配系统和扩散）的进化。现在有令人信服的证据表明，近亲繁殖衰退是依赖于环境的。在这里，我们讨论了依赖环境的近亲繁殖衰退的生态和进化后果。近亲繁殖衰退的环境依赖性可能是由环境依赖性表型表达、环境依赖性显性和环境依赖性自然选择引起的。依赖环境的近亲繁殖衰退的存在挑战了由无条件有害等位基因引起的近亲繁殖的经典模型，并表明平衡选择可能会塑造自然种群中的近亲繁殖衰退；在某些环境中与近亲繁殖衰退相关的基因座甚至可能有助于适应其他环境。依赖环境的近亲繁殖衰退也具有重要的、往往被忽视的生态和进化后果：它可以影响边缘或殖民种群的人口动态，并改变交配系统、扩散及其相关特征的适应最优值。将近亲繁殖衰退的环境依赖性纳入理论模型和实证研究对于理解自然种群中近亲繁殖衰退的遗传和生态基础及其后果是必要的。
