Gen-Probe Incorporated, San Diego, CA, United States.
Cancer Lett. 2011 Feb 1;301(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.10.019. Epub 2010 Nov 18.
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men in the United States. Use of the serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) test to screen men for prostate cancer since the late 1980s has improved the early detection of prostate cancer, however low specificity of the test translates to numerous false positive results and many unnecessary biopsies. New biomarkers to aid in prostate cancer diagnosis are emerging and prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) is one such marker. PCA3 is a noncoding RNA that is highly over-expressed in prostate cancer tissue compared to benign tissue. A non-invasive test for PCA3 was developed using whole urine collected after a digital rectal exam (DRE). Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated the utility of PCA3 for the diagnosis of prostate cancer and some studies suggest that PCA3 may also have prognostic value. The use of PCA3 in combination with serum PSA and other clinical information enhances the diagnostic accuracy of prostate cancer detection and will enable physicians to make more informed decisions with patients at risk for prostate cancer.
在美国，前列腺癌是男性癌症死亡的第二大主要原因。自 20 世纪 80 年代末以来，血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）检测被用于筛查男性前列腺癌，这提高了前列腺癌的早期检出率，然而，该检测的特异性较低，导致大量假阳性结果和许多不必要的活检。新的生物标志物正被用于辅助前列腺癌的诊断，前列腺癌基因 3（PCA3）就是其中之一。PCA3 是一种非编码 RNA，与良性组织相比，在前列腺癌组织中高度过表达。一种基于尿液的 PCA3 无创检测方法是在直肠指检（DRE）后收集全尿而开发的。许多临床研究已经证明了 PCA3 用于诊断前列腺癌的效用，一些研究表明 PCA3 可能也具有预后价值。将 PCA3 与血清 PSA 和其他临床信息结合使用，提高了前列腺癌检测的诊断准确性，使医生能够在有前列腺癌风险的患者中做出更明智的决策。
