School of Psychology and Psychiatry, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2011 Apr;35(5):1081-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.002. Epub 2010 Nov 18.
The potential for the coexistence of the developmental disorders autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in any one individual has for a long time been a contentious issue. While from a neurobiological perspective it is possible, and even highly likely, that ADHD and autism might clinically co-exist, our major diagnostic classification systems (DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10) currently preclude such a dual-diagnosis. The aim of the current review is to summarise current diagnostic criteria and treatment strategies for the two disorders, relevant theories of developmental dysfunction, and update the state of the debate regarding comorbidity. Evidence from clinical, neuroimaging and neuropsychological domains is considered, and similarities and differences between the two disorders are identified. Suggestions for future research into the comorbid profiles of these disorders are proposed, with a strong emphasis placed on the neuropsychological assessment of executive functioning as a potentially useful tool for both identifying similarities, and differentiating the disorders.
自闭症和注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）这两种发育障碍在个体中共存的可能性长期以来一直存在争议。从神经生物学的角度来看，ADHD 和自闭症在临床上可能共存，甚至极有可能共存，但我们目前的主要诊断分类系统（DSM-IV-TR 和 ICD-10）目前排除了这种双重诊断。本综述的目的是总结这两种疾病的当前诊断标准和治疗策略、相关的发育功能障碍理论，并更新关于共病的争论现状。考虑了来自临床、神经影像学和神经心理学领域的证据，并确定了这两种疾病之间的相似性和差异。提出了对这些疾病共病特征进行未来研究的建议，重点强调执行功能的神经心理学评估，这可能是识别相似性和区分这些疾病的有用工具。
