Davis Kirkland W
Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-3252, USA.
Radiol Clin North Am. 2010 Nov;48(6):1213-35. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2010.07.004.
Injuries to pediatric athletes, which are becoming increasingly common, take the form of acute injuries and chronic overuse injuries. Acute injuries of the lower extremity include avulsions of the pelvic apophyses, muscle-tendon injuries, transient dislocation of the patella, ankle sprains, and acute tears of the anterior cruciate ligament and menisci. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the latter 2 injuries should approach the accuracy of MR imaging of the adult knee. Chronic overuse injuries of the lower extremity in this age group include stress fractures, which are most common in the tibia; ankle impingement syndromes; osteochondritis dissecans of the knee and osteochondral lesions of the talus; and traction apophysitis, most commonly presenting as Osgood-Schlatter disease and Sinding-Larsen-Johannson disease, affecting the patellar tendon. Imaging findings of all these lesions are characteristic, and allow radiologists to assist their clinical colleagues in diagnosing and treating pediatric athletic injuries.
儿科运动员的损伤越来越常见，包括急性损伤和慢性过度使用损伤。下肢急性损伤包括骨盆骨骺撕脱、肌腱损伤、髌骨一过性脱位、踝关节扭伤以及前交叉韧带和半月板急性撕裂。后两种损伤的磁共振成像应接近成人膝关节磁共振成像的准确性。该年龄组下肢慢性过度使用损伤包括应力性骨折，最常见于胫骨；踝关节撞击综合征；膝关节剥脱性骨软骨炎和距骨骨软骨损伤；以及牵引性骨突炎，最常见的表现为胫骨结节骨软骨炎和髌腱末端病，累及髌腱。所有这些病变的影像学表现都具有特征性，有助于放射科医生协助临床同事诊断和治疗儿科运动损伤。
