Department of Psychology and Counselling, University of Greenwich, London, UK.
Brain Cogn. 2011 Mar;75(2):119-25. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2010.10.010. Epub 2010 Nov 20.
Individual differences in psychophysiological function have been shown to influence the balance between flexibility and distractibility during attentional set-shifting [e.g., Dreisbach et al. (2005). Dopamine and cognitive control: The influence of spontaneous eyeblink rate and dopamine gene polymorphisms on perseveration and distractibility. Behavioral Neuroscience, 119(2), 483-490]. Here we replicate both the facilitatory and detrimental influence of spontaneous eyeblink rate upon switch costs across the two distinct conditions of a set-shifting task. We extend this by presenting additional, putatively dopamine related, individual differences that also influence attentional control. Whereas trait psychoticism showed a pattern of effects opposite to that of eyeblink rate, greater working memory served to decrease switch costs across both conditions. These results highlight the need for further exploration of the role of dopaminergic neurotransmission and component processes involved in such attentional paradigms, and illustrates the importance of considering individual differences in cognitive control.
个体在心理生理功能上的差异会影响注意力转换过程中灵活性和注意力分散之间的平衡，例如 Dreisbach 等人（2005）的研究表明，多巴胺和认知控制：自发眨眼率和多巴胺基因多态性对坚持性和注意力分散的影响。行为神经科学，119（2），483-490]。在这里，我们在一个转换任务的两个不同条件下复制了自发眨眼率对转换成本的促进和不利影响。我们通过呈现其他可能与多巴胺有关的、也会影响注意力控制的个体差异来扩展这一发现。特质精神病态与眨眼率的影响模式相反，而更大的工作记忆则有助于降低两种情况下的转换成本。这些结果强调了需要进一步探索多巴胺能神经传递和参与此类注意力范式的组成过程的作用，并说明了考虑认知控制个体差异的重要性。
