Liong Anne S, Liong Samuel U
Harris County Hospital District, Houston, TX 77026, USA.
Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2010 Dec;22(4):437-44. doi: 10.1016/j.ccell.2010.09.006.
Catastrophic events often threaten or cause depletion of resources. It is generally accepted that changes inherent to disasters are stressful. The Conservation of Resources Theory predicts that positive and negative changes in resources will have markedly different effects.28 This theory proposes that resource losses are psychologically stressful, whereas resource gains buffer against the effects of resource loss. For first responders, the level of preparedness is crucial. Investments in planning, training, and logistics are necessary to mitigate the stress associated with a crisis. Stress is also related to not knowing the future of their loved ones if death or permanent incapacity occurs, hence specific laws and financial resources provide a safety net to dependents of first responders and survivors. This kind of safety gives the first responders peace of mind and assurance that the future of their dependents will not be jeopardized. Incentives that are offered let the first responders know that they are valued and appreciated. Indeed, financial support considerably helps first responders before, during, and after catastrophic events. It assists them to cope with stress at the individual level and allows them to become more resilient; this resonates to the community and country in which they serve and enhances their potential to save lives and prevent disabilities.
灾难性事件往往会威胁或导致资源耗尽。人们普遍认为，灾害所固有的变化会带来压力。资源守恒理论预测，资源的正向和负向变化会产生明显不同的影响。该理论提出，资源损失会造成心理压力，而资源增加则可缓冲资源损失的影响。对于应急人员而言，准备程度至关重要。在规划、培训和后勤方面进行投入，对于减轻与危机相关的压力是必要的。压力还与如果发生死亡或永久丧失能力，不知道亲人的未来有关，因此，特定的法律和财政资源为应急人员和幸存者的家属提供了一个安全保障。这种安全保障让应急人员安心，并确保其家属的未来不会受到威胁。提供的激励措施让应急人员知道他们受到重视和赞赏。事实上，财政支持在灾难性事件发生之前、期间和之后都极大地帮助了应急人员。它帮助他们在个人层面应对压力，并使他们变得更具复原力；这对他们所服务的社区和国家产生影响，并增强他们拯救生命和预防残疾的潜力。
