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每况愈下:痛苦决策相对价值的纹状体编码

From bad to worse: striatal coding of the relative value of painful decisions.

作者信息

Brooks Andrew M, Pammi V S Chandrasekhar, Noussair Charles, Capra C Monica, Engelmann Jan B, Berns Gregory S

机构信息

Department of Economics, Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA.

出版信息

Front Neurosci. 2010 Oct 26;4:176. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2010.00176. eCollection 2010.

Abstract

The majority of decision-related research has focused on how the brain computes decisions over outcomes that are positive in expectation. However, much less is known about how the brain integrates information when all possible outcomes in a decision are negative. To study decision-making over negative outcomes, we used fMRI along with a task in which participants had to accept or reject 50/50 lotteries that could result in more or fewer electric shocks compared to a reference amount. We hypothesized that behaviorally, participants would treat fewer shocks from the reference amount as a gain, and more shocks from the reference amount as a loss. Furthermore, we hypothesized that this would be reflected by a greater BOLD response to the prospect of fewer shocks in regions typically associated with gain, including the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex. The behavioral data suggest that participants in our study viewed all outcomes as losses, despite our attempt to induce a status quo. We find that the ventral striatum showed an increase in BOLD response to better potential gambles (i.e., fewer expected shocks). This lends evidence to the idea that the ventral striatum is not solely responsible for reward processing but that it might also signal the relative value of an expected outcome or action, regardless of whether the outcome is entirely appetitive or aversive. We also find a greater response to worse gambles in regions previously associated with aversive valuation, suggesting an opposing but simultaneous valuation signal to that conveyed by the striatum.

摘要

大多数与决策相关的研究都集中在大脑如何对预期为积极的结果进行决策计算上。然而,对于大脑在决策中所有可能结果均为负面时如何整合信息,我们了解得却少得多。为了研究对负面结果的决策,我们使用了功能磁共振成像(fMRI)以及一项任务,在该任务中,参与者必须接受或拒绝50/50的彩票,与参考数量相比,这些彩票可能导致或多或少的电击。我们假设,在行为上,参与者会将比参考数量少的电击视为收益,而将比参考数量多的电击视为损失。此外,我们假设,这将通过在通常与收益相关的区域,包括腹侧纹状体和眶额皮质,对较少电击前景的更大的血氧水平依赖(BOLD)反应来体现。行为数据表明,尽管我们试图诱导一种现状,但我们研究中的参与者将所有结果都视为损失。我们发现,腹侧纹状体对更好的潜在赌博(即预期电击较少)的BOLD反应有所增加。这为以下观点提供了证据,即腹侧纹状体并非 solely负责奖励处理,而是它可能还会发出预期结果或行动的相对价值信号,无论结果是完全合意的还是厌恶的。我们还发现先前与厌恶评估相关的区域对更差赌博有更大的反应,这表明与纹状体传达的信号相反但同时存在的评估信号。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/88fa/2987510/4ad567e7f458/fnins-04-00176-g001.jpg

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