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运动员心脏 第一部分（综述）

The athlete's heart Part I (Review).

作者信息

Pavlik Gábor, Major Zs, Varga-Pintér B, Jeserich M, Kneffel Zs

机构信息

Semmelweis University Department of Health Sciences and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences Budapest Hungary.

出版信息

Acta Physiol Hung. 2010 Dec;97(4):337-53. doi: 10.1556/APhysiol.97.2010.4.1.

DOI:10.1556/APhysiol.97.2010.4.1
PMID:21138810
Abstract

Importance of the athlete's heart has been arisen in the last decades.

    Consequences of the sedentary way of life are the most threatening through the impairments of the cardiovascular system. Endurance performance is mostly limited by the characteristics of the athlete's heart. Sudden death of the athletes is always associated with cardiac disorders.
Main characteristics of the athlete's heart can be divided into morphologic, functional and regulatory ones.
    The main morphologic characteristics are the physiologic left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and a richer coronary capillary network. The functional adaptation contains a better systolic and diastolic function, modified metabolism and electric characteristics. The most easily detected modification is the better LV diastolic function. Adaptation of the cardiac regulation is manifested mostly by a lower heart rate (HR).
Summarizing: the athlete's heart is an enlarged but otherwise normal heart characterized by a low heart rate, an increased pumping capacity, and a greater ability to deliver oxygen to skeletal muscle.

摘要

在过去几十年中，运动员心脏的重要性已被提及。久坐不动的生活方式所带来的后果通过心血管系统的损害构成了最大威胁。耐力表现大多受运动员心脏特征的限制。运动员的猝死总是与心脏疾病相关。

运动员心脏的主要特征可分为形态学、功能和调节方面的特征。主要形态学特征是生理性左心室肥厚和更丰富的冠状动脉毛细血管网络。功能适应性包括更好的收缩和舒张功能、改变的代谢和电特性。最容易检测到的改变是更好的左心室舒张功能。心脏调节的适应性主要表现为心率降低。

总结

运动员心脏是一个增大但其他方面正常的心脏，其特征为心率低、泵血能力增强以及向骨骼肌输送氧气的能力更强。

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