Laboratory of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, ErasmusMC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
Allergy. 2011 Apr;66(4):478-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2010.02519.x. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
The term oral (or mucosal) tolerance has been classically defined as the suppression of T- and B-cell responses to an antigen by prior administration of the antigen by the oral route. In recent years, it has become clear that both innate and acquired regulatory immune responses are essential for the development of oral tolerance. As such, mucosal microenvironmental factors such as transforming growth factor- β, prostaglandins but also dietary vitamin A create conditioning of an adaptive regulatory T-cell response that suppresses subsequent antigen-specific responses. Particular resident subsets of antigen presenting dendritic cells are pivotal to convey conditioning signals next to the presentation of antigen. This review discusses the primary mechanisms of adaptive regulatory T-cell induction to ingested soluble protein antigen. However, we also discuss the limitations of our knowledge with respect to understanding the very common food hypersensitivity Celiac disease caused by an aberrant adaptive immune response to the food protein gluten.
术语“口服（或黏膜）耐受”通常被定义为通过口服途径预先给予抗原，从而抑制 T 细胞和 B 细胞对该抗原的反应。近年来，人们已经清楚地认识到，先天和获得性调节性免疫反应对于口服耐受的发展都是必不可少的。因此，黏膜微环境因素，如转化生长因子-β、前列腺素，以及饮食中的维生素 A，会诱导适应性调节性 T 细胞反应，从而抑制随后的抗原特异性反应。特定的抗原呈递树突状细胞的固有亚群对于在呈递抗原的同时传递调节信号至关重要。这篇综述讨论了诱导摄入的可溶性蛋白抗原的适应性调节性 T 细胞的主要机制。然而，我们也讨论了在理解由食物蛋白麸质引起的异常适应性免疫反应导致的非常常见的食物过敏乳糜泻方面，我们的知识存在的局限性。
