Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Nurs Philos. 2011 Jan;12(1):34-44. doi: 10.1111/j.1466-769X.2010.00459.x.
This paper explores the idea that justice is a basic human need akin to those famously depicted in Maslow's hierarchy of human needs and, as such, warrants recognition as a core element in representative ideas about nursing. Early nurse theorists positioned the principles and practice of nursing as having their origins in 'universal human needs'. The principle of deriving nursing care from human needs was thought to provide a guide not only for promoting health, but for preventing disease and illness. The nursing profession has had a longstanding commitment to social justice as a core professional value and ideal, obligating nurses to address the social conditions that undermine people's health. The idea of justice as a universal human need per se and its possible relationship to people's health outcomes has, however, not been considered. One reason for this is that justice in nursing discourse has more commonly been associated with law and ethics, and the legal and ethical responsibilities of nurses in relation to individualized patient care and, more recently, changing systems of care to improve health and health outcomes. Although this association is not incorrect, it is incomplete. A key aim of this paper is to redress this oversight and to encourage a broader conceptualization of justice as necessary for human survival, health and development, not merely as a professional value, or legal or ethical principle for guiding human conduct.
本文探讨了正义是一种基本的人类需求的观点，这种需求类似于 Maslow 人类需求层次理论中所描绘的需求，因此，它应该被视为有关护理的代表性观点的核心要素之一。早期的护士理论家将护理的原则和实践定位为起源于“普遍的人类需求”。从人类需求中推导出护理的原则被认为不仅为促进健康提供了指导，而且为预防疾病提供了指导。护理专业一直将社会正义作为核心专业价值观和理想，这要求护士解决破坏人们健康的社会条件。然而，正义作为一种普遍的人类需求本身及其与人们健康结果的可能关系尚未得到考虑。造成这种情况的一个原因是，护理话语中的正义更常与法律和道德联系在一起，以及护士在与个体化患者护理相关的法律和道德责任，以及最近与改善健康和健康结果的护理系统变化相关的法律和道德责任。尽管这种关联没有错，但并不完整。本文的一个主要目标是纠正这一疏忽，并鼓励更广泛地将正义概念化，将其视为人类生存、健康和发展所必需的，而不仅仅是作为指导人类行为的专业价值观或法律或道德原则。
