Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
Res Dev Disabil. 2011 Mar-Apr;32(2):693-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ridd.2010.11.012. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
An extensive literature on the causes of challenging behaviors has been developed, primarily in the applied behavior analysis literature. One hundred and seventy-three empirical studies were reviewed where functional assessment serves as the primary method of identifying these causes. Most of the studies were able to identify a clear function or functions. Most commonly established causes were attention, the efforts to acquire tangibles, negative reinforcement in the form of escape from tasks or environments, and sensory stimulation, also described as an alone condition. Examples are provided regarding how these conditions are investigated across studies. Biological and cognitive causes have also been demonstrated. However, to date the empirical literature is limited with the bulk of studies being correlational. Considerably more research is needed, but some causes and methods to identify them are beginning to emerge.
关于导致挑战性行为的原因，已经有了大量的文献，主要集中在应用行为分析文献中。本文回顾了 173 项实证研究，这些研究主要采用功能评估来确定这些原因。大多数研究能够确定明确的功能。最常见的原因是注意力、获取有形物品的努力、逃避任务或环境的负强化，以及感官刺激，也可描述为独处条件。本文提供了一些关于这些条件如何在研究中进行研究的例子。生物和认知原因也已经得到证实。然而，迄今为止，实证文献是有限的，大多数研究都是相关的。还需要更多的研究，但一些原因和识别方法已经开始出现。
