University of Geneva, Institute F.A. Forel, 10 route de Suisse, CP 416, CH-1290 Versoix, Switzerland.
Water Res. 2011 Jan;45(3):1213-28. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2010.11.018. Epub 2010 Nov 20.
The aim of this study was to compare the composition of bacterial and archaeal communities in contaminated sediments (Vidy Bay) with uncontaminated sediments (Ouchy area) of Lake Geneva using 16S rRNA clone libraries. Sediments of both sites were analysed for physicochemical characteristics including porewater composition, organic carbon, and heavy metals. Results show high concentrations of contaminants in sediments from Vidy. Particularly, high contents of fresh organic matter and nutrients led to intense mineralisation, which was dominated by sulphate-reduction and methanogenesis. The bacterial diversity in Vidy sediments was significantly different from the communities in the uncontaminated sediments. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a large proportion of Betaproteobacteria clones in Vidy sediments related to Dechloromonas sp., a group of dechlorinating and contaminant degrading bacteria. Deltaproteobacteria, including clones related to sulphate-reducing bacteria and Fe(III)-reducing bacteria (Geobacter sp.) were also more abundant in the contaminated sediments. The archaeal communities consisted essentially of methanogenic Euryarchaeota, mainly found in the contaminated sediments rich in organic matter. Multiple factor analysis revealed that the microbial community composition and the environmental variables were correlated at the two sites, which suggests that in addition to environmental parameters, pollution may be one of the factors affecting microbial community structure.
本研究旨在利用 16S rRNA 克隆文库比较受污染沉积物（Vidy 湾）和日内瓦湖未受污染沉积物（Ouchy 地区）的细菌和古菌群落组成。对两个地点的沉积物进行了理化特性分析，包括孔隙水成分、有机碳和重金属。结果表明，Vidy 沉积物中的污染物浓度很高。特别是新鲜有机物和养分含量高导致强烈的矿化作用，主要由硫酸盐还原和产甲烷作用主导。Vidy 沉积物中的细菌多样性与未受污染沉积物中的群落明显不同。系统发育分析显示，Vidy 沉积物中存在大量与脱氯菌属（Dechloromonas sp.）相关的β变形菌克隆，这是一组脱氯和降解污染物的细菌。δ变形菌门，包括与硫酸盐还原菌和 Fe(III)-还原菌（Geobacter sp.）相关的克隆，在污染沉积物中也更为丰富。古菌群落主要由产甲烷的广古菌门（Euryarchaeota）组成，主要存在于富含有机物的污染沉积物中。多因素分析表明，两个地点的微生物群落组成与环境变量相关，这表明除了环境参数外，污染可能是影响微生物群落结构的因素之一。
