Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California-Davis, 95616, USA.
Transl Res. 2011 Jan;157(1):29-37. doi: 10.1016/j.trsl.2010.09.006. Epub 2010 Oct 13.
This study was conducted to describe the acid-base effects of hydration and dehydration of oxygenated and deoxygenated whole blood. Whole blood samples from goats were equilibrated in a tonometer to a partial pressure of carbon dioxide of 40 mm Hg and oxygen (PO₂) of 100 mm Hg or 30 mm Hg. Contraction alkalosis was achieved by evaporating blood samples to 80% of the original volume. Dilutional acidosis was achieved by increasing the blood sample volume by 20% by addition of sterile water. Acid-base, electrolyte, hemoglobin, lactate, albumin, and phosphorus concentrations were measured at baseline and after dehydration or hydration. A 20% dehydration of whole blood caused a 22% increase in sodium concentration and a significant increase in base excess of +3 mEq/L (P < 0.01); bicarbonate concentration increased only 7% to 9%. A concurrent increase was found in phosphorus, albumin, hemoglobin, and lactate concentrations. A 20% dilution of whole blood caused a 21% decrease in sodium concentration and a significant decrease in base excess of -5 mEq/L (P < 0.01) with an 11% to 15% decrease in bicarbonate concentration. A concurrent decrease was found in phosphorus, albumin, and hemoglobin concentrations. No significant difference was observed between the acid-base effects on oxygenated versus deoxygenated blood in any experiment. Dilutional acidosis and contraction alkalosis of whole blood are complex acid-base disorders resulting from direct changes in bicarbonate concentration in combination with changes in the concentration of weak plasma acids and buffering reactions. Therefore, bicarbonate concentration does not change to the same degree as the magnitude of contraction or dilution.
本研究旨在描述充氧和脱氧全血水合和脱水的酸碱效应。将山羊的全血样本在张力计中平衡至二氧化碳分压为 40mmHg 和氧气（PO₂）为 100mmHg 或 30mmHg。通过将血液样本蒸发至原始体积的 80%来实现收缩性碱中毒。通过向血液样本中添加无菌水将其体积增加 20%来实现稀释性酸中毒。在脱水或水合前后测量酸碱、电解质、血红蛋白、乳酸盐、白蛋白和磷浓度。全血 20%的脱水导致钠离子浓度增加 22%，碱剩余增加+3mEq/L（P<0.01）；碳酸氢盐浓度仅增加 7%至 9%。同时发现磷、白蛋白、血红蛋白和乳酸盐浓度增加。全血 20%的稀释导致钠离子浓度降低 21%，碱剩余降低-5mEq/L（P<0.01），碳酸氢盐浓度降低 11%至 15%。同时发现磷、白蛋白和血红蛋白浓度降低。在任何实验中，充氧和脱氧血液的酸碱效应之间均未观察到显著差异。全血的稀释性酸中毒和收缩性碱中毒是复杂的酸碱紊乱，由碳酸氢盐浓度的直接变化与弱血浆酸浓度和缓冲反应的变化相结合引起。因此，碳酸氢盐浓度的变化程度与收缩或稀释的幅度不相同。
