Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
Biotechnol Adv. 2011 Mar-Apr;29(2):239-47. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2010.11.008. Epub 2010 Dec 10.
Dengue viral infection has become an increasing global health concern with over two-fifths of the world's population at risk of infection. It is the most rapidly spreading vector borne disease, attributed to changing demographics, urbanization, environment, and global travel. It continues to be a threat in over 100 tropical and sub-tropical countries, affecting predominantly children. Dengue also carries a hefty financial burden on the health care systems in affected areas, as those infected seek care for their symptoms. The search for a suitable vaccine for dengue has been ongoing for the last sixty years, yet any effective treatment or vaccine remains elusive. A vaccine must be protective for all four serotypes of dengue and be cost-effective. Many approaches to developing candidate vaccines have been employed. The candidates include live attenuated tetravalent vaccines, chimeric tetravalent vaccines based on attenuated dengue virus or Yellow Fever 17D, and recombinant DNA vaccines based on flavivirus and non-flavivirus vectors. This review outlines the challenges involved in dengue vaccine development and presents the current stages of proposed vaccine candidate development.
登革热病毒感染已成为一个日益严重的全球健康问题，全世界超过五分之二的人口面临感染风险。它是传播速度最快的虫媒病毒病，这归因于人口结构变化、城市化、环境和全球旅行。它仍然是 100 多个热带和亚热带国家的威胁，主要影响儿童。登革热也给受影响地区的医疗保健系统带来了沉重的经济负担，因为感染者会寻求治疗其症状。过去六十年一直在寻找合适的登革热疫苗，但任何有效的治疗方法或疫苗仍然难以捉摸。疫苗必须对所有四种血清型的登革热都有保护作用，并且具有成本效益。已经采用了许多方法来开发候选疫苗。候选疫苗包括减毒四价疫苗、基于减毒登革热病毒或黄热病 17D 的嵌合四价疫苗，以及基于黄病毒和非黄病毒载体的重组 DNA 疫苗。这篇综述概述了登革热疫苗开发所涉及的挑战，并介绍了目前提出的候选疫苗开发的阶段。
