Departamento de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Sección de Tecnología Farmacéutica, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. 1° de Mayo s/n. Col. Santa María las Torres, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Estado de México, C.P. 54740 México.
J Clin Pharmacol. 2011 Jul;51(7):964-77. doi: 10.1177/0091270010378859. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
Transdermal drug delivery offers an attractive alternative to the conventional drug delivery methods of oral administration and injection. However, the stratum corneum acts as a barrier that limits the penetration of substances through the skin. Recently, the use of micron-scale needles in increasing skin permeability has been proposed and shown to dramatically increase transdermal delivery. Microneedles have been fabricated with a range of sizes, shapes, and materials. Most in vitro drug delivery studies have shown these needles to increase skin permeability to a broad range of drugs that differ in molecular size and weight. In vivo studies have demonstrated satisfactory release of oligonucleotides and insulin and the induction of immune responses from protein and DNA vaccines. Microneedles inserted into the skin of human subjects were reported to be painless. For all these reasons, microneedles are a promising technology to deliver drugs into the skin. This review presents the main findings concerning the use of microneedles in transdermal drug delivery. It also covers types of microneedles, their advantages and disadvantages, enhancement mechanisms, and trends in transdermal drug delivery.
透皮给药为口服和注射等传统药物给药方法提供了一种有吸引力的替代方法。然而，角质层作为一种屏障，限制了物质通过皮肤的渗透。最近，已经提出并证明使用微米级的针来增加皮肤通透性可以显著增加透皮给药。微针的制造有多种尺寸、形状和材料。大多数体外药物输送研究表明，这些针可以增加对多种不同分子量和重量的药物的皮肤通透性。体内研究表明，寡核苷酸和胰岛素的释放以及蛋白质和 DNA 疫苗的免疫反应得到了令人满意的诱导。据报道，将微针插入人体皮肤时没有疼痛感。基于所有这些原因，微针是一种有前途的将药物递送到皮肤中的技术。本文综述了微针在经皮药物传递中的主要应用。它还涵盖了微针的类型、它们的优缺点、增强机制以及经皮药物传递的趋势。
