Sacco Emilio, Pinto Francesco, Totaro Angelo, D'Addessi Alessandro, Racioppi Marco, Gulino Gaetano, Volpe Andrea, Marangi Francesco, D'Agostino Daniele, Bassi Pierfrancesco
Department of Urology, Agostino Gemelli Hospital, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy. emilio.sacco @ gmail.com
Urol Int. 2011;86(2):125-39. doi: 10.1159/000322724. Epub 2010 Dec 11.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the 13th most common cancer worldwide and accounts for 4% of all adult malignancies. Herein the state of the art and recent advances in cross-sectional radiological imaging applied to RCC are reviewed, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography.
Literature search of peer-reviewed papers published by October 2010.
In front of more conventional and widespread imaging tools, such as ultrasonography and computed tomography, an array of newer and attractive radiological modalities are under investigation and show promise to improve our ability to noninvasively detect renal tumors and its recurrences, accurately assess the extent of the disease, and reliably evaluate treatment response, particularly in the era of antiangiogenetic therapy.
Recent major advances in radiological imaging techniques have considerably improved our ability to diagnose, stage and follow-up RCC. Further studies are needed to evaluate the potential of most recent and still investigational imaging tools.
肾细胞癌（RCC）是全球第13大常见癌症，占所有成人恶性肿瘤的4%。本文综述了应用于RCC的横断面放射成像的最新技术水平和近期进展，包括超声检查、计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像和正电子发射断层扫描。
检索截至2010年10月发表的同行评议论文。
在超声检查和计算机断层扫描等更传统且应用广泛的成像工具面前，一系列更新且有吸引力的放射学检查方法正在研究中，有望提高我们无创检测肾肿瘤及其复发、准确评估疾病范围以及可靠评估治疗反应的能力，尤其是在抗血管生成治疗时代。
放射成像技术最近的重大进展显著提高了我们诊断、分期和随访RCC的能力。需要进一步研究以评估最新且仍在研究中的成像工具的潜力。
