Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Movement Sciences and Sports Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Int J Obes (Lond). 2010 Dec;34 Suppl 2:S44-52. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2010.239.
Obesity has progressively become a global epidemic that constitutes one of the biggest current health problems worldwide. Pregnancy is a risk factor for excessive weight gain. Factors that may predict development of obesity in later life mainly include gestational weight gain, pre-pregnancy nutritional status, age, parity and race. Change in lifestyle factors, such as eating habits, enrollment in physical activity, smoking and duration of lactation, in addition to the above factors, may also contribute to the development of obesity but are still not fully understood. Women who retain more body weight after pregnancy have, in general, larger pregnancy body weight gain, higher pre-pregnancy body mass index, marked weight changes in previous pregnancies, lactate slightly less and stop smoking during pregnancy to a larger extent. In addition, irregular eating habits and decreased leisure time activity after delivery influence postpartum weight retention. Taking into consideration the epidemic of obesity, with all its adverse long-term consequences, there is an increasing need to promote counseling before, during and after pregnancy on the role of diet and physical activity in reproductive health.
肥胖已逐渐成为一种全球性的流行病，是目前全球最大的健康问题之一。怀孕是体重过度增加的一个风险因素。可能预测以后生活中肥胖发展的因素主要包括妊娠期体重增加、孕前营养状况、年龄、产次和种族。生活方式因素的改变，如饮食习惯、参加体育活动、吸烟和哺乳时间，除了上述因素外，也可能导致肥胖的发展，但目前还不完全清楚。一般来说，怀孕后保留更多体重的女性，孕期体重增加较多，孕前体重指数较高，以前怀孕时体重变化明显，哺乳量略少，怀孕期间戒烟程度更大。此外，产后饮食习惯不规律和休闲时间活动减少也会影响产后体重的保留。考虑到肥胖的流行及其所有不良的长期后果，越来越需要在怀孕前、怀孕中和怀孕后就饮食和身体活动在生殖健康中的作用提供咨询。
