Kaprio Jaakko, Silventoinen Karri
Department of Public Health and Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki & National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
Methods Mol Biol. 2011;713:143-52. doi: 10.1007/978-1-60327-416-6_11.
While twin studies have been used to estimate the heritability of different traits and disorders since the beginning of the twentieth century, statistical developments over the past 20 years and more extensive and systematic data collection have greatly expanded the scope of twin studies. This chapter reviews selected possibilities of twin study designs to address specific hypotheses regarding the role of both genetic and environmental factors in the development of traits and diseases. In addition to modelling latent genetic influences, current models permit inclusion of information on specific genetic variants, measured environmental factors and their interactive effects. Examples from studies of anthropometric traits are used to illustrate such approaches.
自20世纪初以来，双胞胎研究一直被用于估计不同性状和疾病的遗传力，过去20年的统计发展以及更广泛、系统的数据收集极大地扩展了双胞胎研究的范围。本章回顾了双胞胎研究设计的一些选定可能性，以探讨关于遗传和环境因素在性状和疾病发展中作用的特定假设。除了对潜在遗传影响进行建模外，当前模型还允许纳入特定基因变异、测量的环境因素及其交互作用的信息。人体测量性状研究的例子被用来阐明这些方法。
