Chambers Christina D
Division of Dysmorphology and Teratology, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0828, USA.
Congenit Anom (Kyoto). 2011 Mar;51(1):16-20. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2010.00310.x.
Most known human teratogens are associated with a unique or characteristic pattern of major and minor malformations and this pattern helps to establish the causal link between the teratogenic exposure and the outcome. Although traditional case-control and cohort study designs can help identify potential teratogens, there is an important role for small cohort studies that include a dysmorphological examination of exposed and unexposed infants for minor structural defects. In combination with other study design approaches, the small cohort study with a specialized physical examination fulfills a necessary function in screening for new potential teratogens and can help to better delineate the spectrum and magnitude of risk for known teratogens.
大多数已知的人类致畸物都与一种独特或具有特征性的主要和次要畸形模式相关联，这种模式有助于确立致畸物暴露与结局之间的因果联系。虽然传统的病例对照研究和队列研究设计有助于识别潜在的致畸物，但小型队列研究也发挥着重要作用，这类研究包括对暴露和未暴露婴儿进行轻微结构缺陷的畸形学检查。与其他研究设计方法相结合，进行专门体格检查的小型队列研究在筛查新的潜在致畸物方面发挥着必要作用，并且有助于更好地描绘已知致畸物的风险范围和程度。
