Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706-1611, USA.
Dev Sci. 2011 Jan;14(1):112-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.00969.x.
Inhibitory control (IC) is a dimension of child temperament that involves the self-regulation of behavioral responses under some form of instruction or expectation. Although IC is posited to appear in toddlerhood, the voluntary control of emotions such as anger begins earlier. Little research has analyzed relations between emotional development in infancy and later emerging IC. We examined phenotypic associations and genetic and environmental influences on parent- and laboratory-assessed anger and IC in a twin sample from 12 to 36 months of age. Typically, twins with low levels of IC had high levels of anger. Behavioral genetic findings confirmed significant genetic influences on anger and IC as assessed by parents, and on lab-based anger assessments. Shared environmental factors contributed to twin similarity on lab-assessed anger and IC at 36 months. Phenotypic covariance between anger and IC was largely due to overlapping genetic factors for parent ratings, and environmental factors in the laboratory.
抑制控制（IC）是儿童气质的一个维度，涉及在某种形式的指令或期望下自我调节行为反应。尽管抑制控制被认为出现在幼儿期，但对愤怒等情绪的自愿控制开始得更早。很少有研究分析婴儿期情绪发展与后来出现的抑制控制之间的关系。我们在 12 至 36 个月大的双胞胎样本中，研究了父母和实验室评估的愤怒和抑制控制之间的表型关联以及遗传和环境影响。通常，抑制控制水平较低的双胞胎表现出较高的愤怒水平。行为遗传学研究结果证实，愤怒和抑制控制的遗传影响显著，父母评估和基于实验室的愤怒评估也是如此。共享环境因素有助于双胞胎在 36 个月时在实验室评估的愤怒和抑制控制方面具有相似性。愤怒和抑制控制之间的表型协方差主要归因于父母评估的重叠遗传因素和实验室中的环境因素。
