AIDS. 2011 Mar 13;25(5):577-80. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283437d2f.
Recent advances in HIV research have made it possible to scientists to consider approaches to eradicate HIV infection from T cell reservoirs. These include either engineering cells that would be resistant to HIV infection of suppression of HIV replication with intensified antiretroviral therapy followed by activation of HIV reservoirs and elimination of these cells by cytotoxic immune responses. Several variations of this theme are being considered. Careful consideration needs to be given to the viral reservoirs in the brain, where it may infect cell types such as macrophages, microglia and astrocytes. The life cycle of the virus in these cells is distinct compared to that in T cells and thus the antiviral approaches may not be effective in fully suppressing viral replication. Even small amounts of viral proteins produced by these cells can be neurotoxic. And if T cells in the periphery are restored before impacting the brain reservoirs these cells may enter the brain causing a T cell mediated encephalitis. This article discusses the fundamental questions that need to be addressed with regards to the biology of the virus in the brain before successful attempts to eradicate the virus can be made.
近年来，HIV 研究的进展使得科学家们能够考虑从 T 细胞储库中消除 HIV 感染的方法。这些方法包括设计对 HIV 感染具有抗性的细胞，或者通过强化抗逆转录病毒治疗抑制 HIV 复制，随后激活 HIV 储库并通过细胞毒性免疫反应消除这些细胞。目前正在考虑几种变体。需要仔细考虑大脑中的病毒储库，HIV 可能感染巨噬细胞、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞等细胞类型。与 T 细胞相比，这些细胞中的病毒生命周期明显不同，因此抗病毒方法可能无法有效完全抑制病毒复制。即使这些细胞产生少量的病毒蛋白也可能具有神经毒性。如果在外周血中的 T 细胞在影响大脑储库之前恢复，这些细胞可能会进入大脑，导致 T 细胞介导的脑炎。本文讨论了在成功消除病毒之前，需要解决有关病毒在大脑中的生物学的基本问题。
