Department of Medicine and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Rm 511 Papanicolaou Building [M700], 1550 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2011 Apr;68(7):1157-65. doi: 10.1007/s00018-010-0605-2. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
The innate immune system has evolved a variety of sensing mechanisms to detect and counter microbial invasion. These include the Toll-like receptor (TLR), cytoplasmic, nucleotide binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor and RIG-I-like helicase (RLH) pathways. However, how the cell detects pathogen-associated DNA to trigger host defense, including the production of interferon, remains to be fully clarified. Understanding these processes could have profound implications into how we understand and treat a variety of microbial-related disease, including viral-associated cancers, as well as autoimmune disorders. Recently, an endoplasmic reticulum-associated molecule referred to as STING (for stimulator of interferon genes) was isolated and shown to be critical for regulating the production of IFN in response to cytoplasmic DNA. Here, we review recent discoveries relating to the detection of foreign DNA, including the importance of the STING and inflammasome pathways and the triggering of innate signaling processes.
先天免疫系统已经进化出多种感应机制来检测和抵御微生物入侵。这些机制包括 Toll 样受体（TLR）、细胞质、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域（NOD）样受体和 RIG-I 样螺旋酶（RLH）途径。然而，细胞如何检测病原体相关的 DNA 以触发宿主防御，包括干扰素的产生，仍有待充分阐明。理解这些过程对于我们理解和治疗各种与微生物相关的疾病，包括与病毒相关的癌症和自身免疫性疾病，具有深远的意义。最近，一种内质网相关分子被分离出来并被称为 STING（干扰素基因刺激物），它被证明在细胞质 DNA 反应中对 IFN 的产生调节至关重要。在这里，我们回顾了与外源 DNA 检测相关的最新发现，包括 STING 和炎性小体途径的重要性以及先天信号过程的触发。
