Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-0845, USA.
Nat Rev Immunol. 2010 Jul;10(7):514-26. doi: 10.1038/nri2802.
Many viruses infect humans and most are controlled satisfactorily by the immune system with limited damage to host tissues. Some viruses, however, do cause overt damage to the host, either in isolated cases or as a reaction that commonly occurs after infection. The outcome is influenced by properties of the infecting virus, the circumstances of infection and several factors controlled by the host. In this Review, we focus on host factors that influence the outcome of viral infection, including genetic susceptibility, the age of the host when infected, the dose and route of infection, the induction of anti-inflammatory cells and proteins, as well as the presence of concurrent infections and past exposure to cross-reactive agents.
许多病毒感染人类，其中大多数都被免疫系统很好地控制，对宿主组织的损伤有限。然而，有些病毒确实会对宿主造成明显的损伤，无论是在个别情况下还是在感染后常见的反应中。其结果受感染病毒的特性、感染的情况以及宿主控制的几个因素的影响。在这篇综述中，我们关注影响病毒感染结果的宿主因素，包括遗传易感性、宿主感染时的年龄、感染的剂量和途径、抗炎细胞和蛋白质的诱导，以及同时感染和过去接触交叉反应性物质的存在。
