Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Centre, Mainz, Germany.
Pharmacopsychiatry. 2011 Mar;44(2):60-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1268417. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
The aim of this study was to assess for the first time the prevalence and factors associated with stimulant use exclusively for cognitive enhancement among pupils and university students in Germany.
A sample of 1 035 pupils (vocational and grammar schools) in small and big cities and 512 university students of 3 Departments (Medicine, Pharmacy, Economics) completed a questionnaire regarding knowledge and use of stimulants for cognitive enhancement and factors associated with their use.
Lifetime prevalence for use of prescription stimulants (methylphenidate, amphetamines) for cognitive enhancement in pupils was 1.55% and in students 0.78%. Last-year and last-month prevalence rates were significantly lower. 2.42% of pupils and 2.93% of students reported lifetime illicit use of stimulants (amphetamines, cocaine, ecstasy) for cognitive enhancement with lower last-year and last-month rates. Prevalence was higher in male pupils, pupils from vocational schools and pupils with bad marks.
The illicit use of stimulants for cognitive enhancement is significantly higher than non-medical use of prescription stimulants among pupils and students. Stimulant use is determined by gender, school type, and school marks. The potential risks associated with stimulant use require early awareness and intervention strategies.
本研究旨在首次评估德国中小学生和大学生中专门为提高认知能力而使用兴奋剂的流行率和相关因素。
在小、大城市抽取了 1 035 名中小学生（职业学校和文理中学）和来自三个系（医学、药学、经济学）的 512 名大学生作为样本，完成了一份关于认知增强用兴奋剂知识和使用情况以及与其使用相关因素的问卷。
中小学生有过使用处方兴奋剂（哌醋甲酯、苯丙胺）提高认知能力的终生患病率为 1.55%，学生为 0.78%。去年和上个月的患病率明显较低。2.42%的中小学生和 2.93%的大学生报告说，曾有过为提高认知能力而使用兴奋剂（苯丙胺、可卡因、摇头丸）的非法行为，去年和上个月的使用率较低。男学生、职业学校学生和成绩较差的学生的患病率较高。
中小学生和大学生中，为提高认知能力而非法使用兴奋剂的情况明显高于非医疗目的使用处方兴奋剂的情况。兴奋剂的使用由性别、学校类型和学校成绩决定。需要及早意识到与兴奋剂使用相关的潜在风险，并采取干预策略。
