非医疗处方兴奋剂在提高澳大利亚大学生学习成绩中的使用：使用的流行率和相关因素。
Non-medical prescription stimulant use to improve academic performance among Australian university students: prevalence and correlates of use.
机构信息
Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, School of Psychology and Public Health, College of Science, Health and Engineering, Building NR6, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia.
School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2018 Nov 19;18(1):1270. doi: 10.1186/s12889-018-6212-0.
BACKGROUND
Some university students consume pharmaceutical stimulants without a medical prescription with the goal of improving their academic performance. The prevalence of this practice has been well documented in the US, but less so in other countries. The potential harms of using prescription stimulants require a better understanding of the prevalence of this practice within Australian universities.
METHODS
An internet survey of 1136 Australian students was conducted in 2015 in three large Australian universities. Students were asked about their personal use of prescription stimulants, attitudes and experiences with prescription stimulants. They were also asked about their use of caffeine, energy drinks and illicit drugs to enhance their academic performance.
RESULTS
Lifetime self-reported use of stimulant medication to improve academic performance was 6.5, and 4.4% in the past year. Students were far more likely to report using coffee and energy drinks (41.4 and 23.6% respectively, lifetime use) than prescription stimulants to help them study and complete university assessments. Non-medical use of prescription stimulants was strongly associated with a history of illicit drug use.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of nonmedical prescription stimulant use to improve academic performance is low among university students in Australia, especially when compared with their use of coffee and energy drinks.
背景
一些大学生未经医生处方就服用药物兴奋剂，目的是提高学习成绩。这种做法在美国已经有很多记载，但在其他国家却很少见。使用处方兴奋剂的潜在危害需要更好地了解澳大利亚大学内这种做法的流行程度。
方法
2015 年，在澳大利亚的三所大型大学中，对 1136 名澳大利亚学生进行了一项互联网调查。学生们被问及他们个人使用处方兴奋剂的情况、对处方兴奋剂的态度和使用经验。他们还被问及他们是否使用咖啡因、能量饮料和非法药物来提高学习成绩。
结果
终生自我报告为提高学习成绩而使用兴奋剂的比例为 6.5%，过去一年的比例为 4.4%。学生们更有可能报告说，为了帮助他们学习和完成大学评估，他们使用咖啡和能量饮料（分别为 41.4%和 23.6%，终生使用）的比例远远高于使用处方兴奋剂的比例。非医疗用途的处方兴奋剂与非法药物使用史密切相关。
结论
与咖啡和能量饮料相比，澳大利亚大学生中非医疗用途的处方兴奋剂提高学习成绩的使用频率较低，尤其是与咖啡和能量饮料相比。
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