Chen Yong, Lü Jun, Li Li-ming, He Ping-ping, Yu Can-qing
Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2010 May;31(5):500-5.
To study the effects of diet and physical activity factors on blood pressure in nine provinces, using the multilevel model.
Data was collected in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS). A total of 6706 men and 7140 women aged above 18 who attended at least one of the surveys in the year of 1997, 2000, 2004 and 2006 were selected, and a two-level male and female random intercept-slope growth models were applied to estimate the relationship between the intake of daily salt, vegetable, fruit, fat, protein as well as the time spent on the moderate or heavy physical activity and blood pressure.
After controlling for age, education, BMI, drinks and total energy intake, mean of the daily salt intake per person was positively associated with systolic blood pressure in women (β = 0.0481, s(x(-)) = 0.0178, P < 0.01). Mean of the daily vegetable intake per person was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure in men and women, with the regression coefficients as -0.0063, -0.0068 respectively, indicating that if mean of the daily vegetable intake per person increased by 100 g, the systolic blood pressure would decrease by 0.6 mm Hg (1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa) or more. In addition, the daily vegetable intake was also negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.01). Daily fruit intake was negatively associated with systolic blood pressure both in men and women, with regression coefficients as -0.0029 and -0.0031 respectively. Time spent on the moderate or heavy physical activity was also negatively associated with systolic blood pressure in both men and women, and diastolic blood pressure in women (P < 0.05). No relationship was found between daily fat, protein intake and blood pressure.
Daily salt, vegetable, fruit intake, time spent on the moderate or heavy physical activity were associated with blood pressure in both men and women. Programs on integrated lifestyle modifications including dietary salt reduction, eating more vegetable and fruits, increasing physical activity level, plus weight control were critical for the control of high blood pressure.
运用多水平模型研究九个省份饮食和身体活动因素对血压的影响。
数据收集于中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）。选取了1997年、2000年、2004年和2006年至少参加过一次调查的6706名男性和7140名18岁以上女性，应用两级男女随机截距-斜率增长模型来估计每日盐、蔬菜、水果、脂肪、蛋白质摄入量以及中度或重度身体活动时间与血压之间的关系。
在控制年龄、教育程度、体重指数、饮酒量和总能量摄入后，女性人均每日盐摄入量均值与收缩压呈正相关（β = 0.0481，标准误 = 0.0178，P < 0.01）。男性和女性人均每日蔬菜摄入量均值与收缩压呈负相关，回归系数分别为 -0.0063、-0.0068，表明人均每日蔬菜摄入量均值每增加100克，收缩压将降低0.6毫米汞柱（1毫米汞柱 = 0.133千帕）或更多。此外，每日蔬菜摄入量与舒张压也呈负相关（P < 0.01）。男性和女性每日水果摄入量与收缩压均呈负相关，回归系数分别为 -0.0029和 -0.0031。男性和女性中度或重度身体活动时间与收缩压以及女性舒张压也呈负相关（P < 0.05）。未发现每日脂肪、蛋白质摄入量与血压之间存在关联。
男性和女性的每日盐、蔬菜、水果摄入量以及中度或重度身体活动时间均与血压有关。包括减少饮食盐量、多吃蔬菜和水果、增加身体活动水平以及控制体重在内的综合生活方式改善计划对于控制高血压至关重要。
