National Institute for Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 7 Pan Jia Yuan Nan Li, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100021, China.
BMC Public Health. 2011 Dec 14;11:925. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-925.
Several healthful dietary patterns appear to be effective at lowering blood pressure and preventing hypertension. However, the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension among a representative Chinese population sample is unclear.
A nationally representative sample of 23 671 participants aged 18-59 years were recruited by the 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey. All participants had their blood pressure measured with standardized mercury sphygmomanometers. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg. We conducted factor analysis using dietary information from a validated food frequency questionnaire to derive dietary patterns. Information of participants on physical activities, education level, annual household income, smoking status and family history of hypertension was collected by interviewer-administrated questionnaires.
Three major dietary patterns, defined as 'Western', 'traditional northern', and 'traditional southern', were identified. Participants with the highest quartile for the score of the Western pattern had significantly higher blood pressure comparing with counterparts in the lowest quartile. In contrast, participants in the top quartile for the score of the traditional southern pattern presented significantly lower blood pressure comparing with counterparts in the lowest quartile. In multivariate analyses the traditional northern pattern score was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.30 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.53, P for trend = 0.0001) comparing with the lowest quartile. The OR for the top quartile of score for the traditional southern pattern was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.59-0.89, P for trend = 0.0040) compared with the lowest quartile of traditional southern pattern score. However, the significant association between the traditional northern pattern and prevalence of hypertension disappeared after further adjusting for body mass index (BMI) (P for trend = 0.3), whereas the association between the traditional southern pattern and prevalence of hypertension persisted after further adjusting for BMI (P for trend = 0.01).
We observed a positive relationship between the traditional northern pattern and hypertension that was mediated through differences in BMI. In addition, the traditional southern pattern was significantly associated with lower odds of presenting with hypertension.
几种健康的饮食模式似乎能有效降低血压和预防高血压。然而，饮食模式与中国代表性人群高血压之间的关系尚不清楚。
2002 年中国营养与健康调查采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法，在全国范围内抽取了 23671 名 18-59 岁的参与者。所有参与者均使用标准汞柱血压计测量血压。高血压定义为收缩压≥140mmHg 和/或舒张压≥90mmHg。我们使用经过验证的食物频率问卷中的饮食信息进行因子分析，以得出饮食模式。通过访谈员管理的问卷收集参与者的身体活动、教育水平、年家庭收入、吸烟状况和高血压家族史等信息。
确定了三种主要的饮食模式，定义为“西方”、“传统北方”和“传统南方”。西方模式得分最高四分位数的参与者的血压明显高于最低四分位数的参与者。相反，传统南方模式得分最高四分位数的参与者的血压明显低于最低四分位数的参与者。多变量分析中，传统北方模式得分与最低四分位数相比，比值比（OR）为 1.30（95%置信区间（CI）为 1.11-1.53，P 趋势=0.0001）。与传统南方模式得分最低四分位数相比，传统南方模式得分最高四分位数的 OR 为 0.73（95%CI，0.59-0.89，P 趋势=0.0040）。然而，传统北方模式与高血压患病率之间的显著关联在进一步调整体重指数（BMI）后消失（P 趋势=0.3），而传统南方模式与高血压患病率之间的关联在进一步调整 BMI 后仍然存在（P 趋势=0.01）。
我们观察到传统北方模式与高血压之间存在正相关关系，这种关系通过 BMI 的差异来介导。此外，传统南方模式与高血压的发生几率显著降低有关。
