The University of Tennessee Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Knoxville, 37996, USA.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2011 May;400(4):991-1007. doi: 10.1007/s00216-010-4561-3. Epub 2010 Dec 17.
Bacteriophages (phages) are bacterial viruses evolutionarily tuned to very specifically recognize, infect, and propagate within only a unique pool of host cells. Knowledge of these phage host ranges permits one to devise diagnostic tests based on phage-host recognition profiles. For decades, fundamental phage typing assays have been used to identify bacterial pathogens on the basis of the ability of phages to kill, or lyse, the unique species, strain, or serovar to which they are naturally targeted. Over time, and with a better understanding of phage-host kinetics and the realization that there exists a phage specific for nearly any bacterial pathogen of clinical, foodborne, or waterborne consequence, a variety of improved, rapid, sensitive, and easy-to-use phage-mediated detection assays have been developed. These assays exploit every stage of the phage recognition and infection cycle to yield a wide variety of pathogen monitoring, detection, and enumeration formats that are steadily advancing toward new biosensor integrations and advanced sensing technologies.
噬菌体（phages）是进化上专门识别、感染和在独特的宿主细胞库中繁殖的细菌病毒。了解这些噬菌体的宿主范围可以根据噬菌体-宿主识别谱设计诊断测试。几十年来，基础噬菌体分型检测一直被用于根据噬菌体杀死或裂解它们自然靶向的独特物种、菌株或血清型的能力来识别细菌病原体。随着时间的推移，以及对噬菌体-宿主动力学的更好理解，并且认识到几乎任何一种具有临床、食源性或水源性后果的细菌病原体都有特定的噬菌体，各种改进的、快速的、敏感的和易于使用的噬菌体介导的检测检测方法已经得到了发展。这些检测方法利用噬菌体识别和感染周期的各个阶段，产生了各种各样的病原体监测、检测和计数格式，这些格式正在稳步朝着新的生物传感器集成和先进的传感技术发展。
