Cohen Sarah, Au Shelly, Panté Nelly
Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 2011 Sep;1813(9):1634-45. doi: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2010.12.009. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
Many viruses depend on nuclear proteins for replication. Therefore, their viral genome must enter the nucleus of the host cell. In this review we briefly summarize the principles of nucleocytoplasmic transport, and then describe the diverse strategies used by viruses to deliver their genomes into the host nucleus. Some of the emerging mechanisms include: (1) nuclear entry during mitosis, when the nuclear envelope is disassembled, (2) viral genome release in the cytoplasm followed by entry of the genome through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), (3) capsid docking at the cytoplasmic side of the NPC, followed by genome release, (4) nuclear entry of intact capsids through the NPC, followed by genome release, and (5) nuclear entry via virus-induced disruption of the nuclear envelope. Which mechanism a particular virus uses depends on the size and structure of the virus, as well as the cellular cues used by the virus to trigger capsid disassembly and genome release. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Regulation of Signaling and Cellular Fate through Modulation of Nuclear Protein Import.
许多病毒的复制依赖于核蛋白。因此，它们的病毒基因组必须进入宿主细胞的细胞核。在本综述中，我们简要总结了核质运输的原理，然后描述了病毒将其基因组递送至宿主细胞核所采用的多种策略。一些新出现的机制包括：（1）有丝分裂期间核进入，此时核膜解体；（2）病毒基因组在细胞质中释放，随后基因组通过核孔复合体（NPC）进入；（3）衣壳在NPC的细胞质侧对接，随后基因组释放；（4）完整衣壳通过NPC进入细胞核，随后基因组释放；以及（5）通过病毒诱导的核膜破坏进入细胞核。特定病毒使用哪种机制取决于病毒的大小和结构，以及病毒用于触发衣壳解体和基因组释放的细胞信号。本文是名为：通过调节核蛋白输入调控信号传导和细胞命运的特刊的一部分。
