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抗病毒纳米药物：优势、作用机制及先进疗法

Antiviral nanomedicine: Advantages, mechanisms and advanced therapies.

作者信息

Pu Yicheng, Zhu Chuanda, Liao Jun, Gong Lidong, Wu Yijuan, Liu Shunquan, Wang Hongjun, Zhang Qiang, Lin Zhiqiang

机构信息

Institute of Systems Biomedicine, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.

Department of Biophysics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.

出版信息

Bioact Mater. 2025 Jun 5;52:92-122. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.05.030. eCollection 2025 Oct.

DOI:10.1016/j.bioactmat.2025.05.030
PMID:40530413
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12173073/
Abstract

The emergence of novel viral pathogens and the limitations of conventional antiviral therapies necessitate innovative strategies to combat persistent and pandemic threats. This review details the role of viral infections and antiviral nanomedicines, delving into the mechanisms of action and antiviral advantages of nanomedicines, as well as the latest research advances in this field. The review systematically categorizes the mechanisms of antiviral nanodrugs into a framework that integrates previously fragmented knowledge, and innovatively summarizes the unique attributes and advantages of antiviral nanodrugs compared to small-molecule drugs. Nanotherapies are proposed in this review to conclude advanced nanoantivirals (e.g., light-activated nanophotosensitizers, biomimetic decoys, PROTAC-based degraders, and gene-silencing platforms) and offer a distinctive narrative perspective, with the aim of presenting a merged and integrated overview of nanodrugs. By intuitively highlighting their commonalities in mechanisms or similarities in application methods, readers may better appreciate the innovative characteristics of different antivirals. We further discuss translational challenges and propose interdisciplinary solutions and future directions to accelerate the development of next-generation antiviral strategies. This review aims to inspire transformative research at the nexus of virology, nanotechnology, and precision medicine.

摘要

新型病毒病原体的出现以及传统抗病毒疗法的局限性，使得对抗持续性和大流行威胁的创新策略成为必要。本综述详细阐述了病毒感染和抗病毒纳米药物的作用，深入探讨了纳米药物的作用机制和抗病毒优势，以及该领域的最新研究进展。该综述系统地将抗病毒纳米药物的作用机制归类到一个整合了先前零散知识的框架中，并创新性地总结了抗病毒纳米药物与小分子药物相比的独特特性和优势。本综述提出了纳米疗法，以总结先进的纳米抗病毒药物（如光激活纳米光敏剂、仿生诱饵、基于PROTAC的降解剂和基因沉默平台），并提供独特的叙述视角，旨在呈现纳米药物的综合概述。通过直观地突出它们在机制上的共性或应用方法上的相似性，读者可以更好地理解不同抗病毒药物的创新特性。我们进一步讨论了转化挑战，并提出跨学科解决方案和未来方向，以加速下一代抗病毒策略的发展。本综述旨在激发病毒学、纳米技术和精准医学交叉领域的变革性研究。

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https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b521/12173073/8e4835733a31/gr3.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b521/12173073/c7542596b744/gr4.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b521/12173073/2c341a04f154/gr5.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b521/12173073/c5fb17bee36c/gr6.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b521/12173073/90cbb2fda481/gr7.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b521/12173073/3a72f79223dd/gr8.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b521/12173073/fed93f2f5c2f/gr9.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b521/12173073/6534a90b107a/gr10.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b521/12173073/47488bc65086/gr11.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b521/12173073/56402ca2af55/gr12.jpg
https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/b521/12173073/5b88cb2a3aa2/gr13.jpg

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