Evans Alison, Ackermann Bronwen, Driscoll Tim
The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Med Probl Perform Art. 2010 Dec;25(4):183-9.
Wind players must be able to sustain high intraoral pressures in order to play their instruments. Prolonged exposure to these high pressures may lead to the performance-related disorder velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). This disorder occurs when the soft palate fails to completely close the air passage between the oral and nasal cavities in the upper respiratory cavity during blowing tasks, this closure being necessary for optimum performance on a wind instrument. VPI is potentially career threatening. Improving music teachers' and students' knowledge of the mechanism of velopharyngeal closure may assist in avoiding potentially catastrophic performance-related disorders arising from dysfunction of the soft palate. In the functional anatomy of the soft palate as applied to wind playing, seven muscles of the soft palate involved in the velopharyngeal closure mechanism are reviewed. These are the tensor veli palatini, levator veli palatini, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, musculus uvulae, superior pharyngeal constrictor, and salpingopharyngeus. These muscles contribute to either a palatal or a pharyngeal component of velopharyngeal closure. This information should guide further research into targeted methods of assessment, management, and treatment of VPI in wind musicians.
吹奏乐器的人必须能够承受较高的口腔内压力才能演奏乐器。长时间暴露于这些高压之下可能会导致与演奏相关的疾病——腭咽功能不全（VPI）。当吹奏任务期间软腭未能完全闭合上呼吸道中口腔和鼻腔之间的气道时，就会出现这种疾病，而这种闭合对于吹奏乐器的最佳表现是必要的。VPI可能会威胁到职业生涯。提高音乐教师和学生对腭咽闭合机制的认识，可能有助于避免因软腭功能障碍而引发的潜在灾难性的与演奏相关的疾病。在应用于吹奏乐器演奏的软腭功能解剖学中，回顾了参与腭咽闭合机制的七块软腭肌肉。它们是腭帆张肌、腭帆提肌、腭咽肌、腭舌肌、悬雍垂肌、咽上缩肌和咽鼓管咽肌。这些肌肉对腭咽闭合的腭部或咽部部分有贡献。这些信息应指导对吹奏乐器音乐家VPI的针对性评估、管理和治疗方法的进一步研究。
