Perry Jamie L
Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA.
Semin Speech Lang. 2011 May;32(2):83-92. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1277712. Epub 2011 Sep 26.
Understanding the normal anatomy and physiology of the velopharyngeal mechanism is the first step in providing appropriate diagnosis and treatment for children born with cleft lip and palate. The velopharyngeal mechanism consists of a muscular valve that extends from the posterior surface of the hard palate (roof of mouth) to the posterior pharyngeal wall and includes the velum (soft palate), lateral pharyngeal walls (sides of the throat), and the posterior pharyngeal wall (back wall of the throat). The function of the velopharyngeal mechanism is to create a tight seal between the velum and pharyngeal walls to separate the oral and nasal cavities for various purposes, including speech. Velopharyngeal closure is accomplished through the contraction of several velopharyngeal muscles including the levator veli palatini, musculus uvulae, superior pharyngeal constrictor, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus, and salpingopharyngeus. The tensor veli palatini is thought to be responsible for eustachian tube function.
了解腭咽机制的正常解剖结构和生理功能是为唇腭裂患儿提供恰当诊断和治疗的第一步。腭咽机制由一个肌肉瓣膜组成，该瓣膜从硬腭（口腔顶部）后表面延伸至咽后壁，包括软腭、咽侧壁（喉咙两侧）和咽后壁（喉咙后壁）。腭咽机制的功能是在软腭和咽壁之间形成紧密密封，以出于各种目的（包括说话）分隔口腔和鼻腔。腭咽闭合是通过腭帆提肌、腭垂肌、咽上缩肌、腭咽肌、腭舌肌和咽鼓管咽肌等几块腭咽肌的收缩来完成的。腭帆张肌被认为负责咽鼓管功能。
