Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, MI 48109, USA.
Regen Med. 2011 Jan;6(1):95-109. doi: 10.2217/rme.10.98.
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) hold tremendous promise for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, yet with so many sources of MSCs, what are the primary criteria for selecting leading candidates? Ideally, the cells will be multipotent, inexpensive, lack donor site morbidity, donor materials should be readily available in large numbers, immunocompatible, politically benign and expandable in vitro for several passages. Bone marrow MSCs do not meet all of these criteria and neither do embryonic stem cells. However, a promising new cell source is emerging in tissue engineering that appears to meet these criteria: MSCs derived from Wharton's jelly of umbilical cord MSCs. Exposed to appropriate conditions, umbilical cord MSCs can differentiate in vitro along several cell lineages such as the chondrocyte, osteoblast, adipocyte, myocyte, neuronal, pancreatic or hepatocyte lineages. In animal models, umbilical cord MSCs have demonstrated in vivo differentiation ability and promising immunocompatibility with host organs/tissues, even in xenotransplantation. In this article, we address their cellular characteristics, multipotent differentiation ability and potential for tissue engineering with an emphasis on musculoskeletal tissue engineering.
多能间充质干细胞（MSCs）在组织工程和再生医学中有巨大的应用潜力，但由于 MSCs 有如此多的来源，选择主要候选者的主要标准是什么？理想情况下，细胞应具有多能性、价格低廉、不存在供体部位发病率、大量可用的供体材料、免疫相容性、政治上无害，并且能够在体外传代培养多次。骨髓间充质干细胞并不完全符合所有这些标准，胚胎干细胞也不符合。然而，组织工程中出现了一种有前途的新细胞来源，似乎符合这些标准：来自脐带 Wharton 胶的间充质干细胞。在适当的条件下，脐带间充质干细胞可以在体外沿着几种细胞谱系分化，如软骨细胞、成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、肌细胞、神经元、胰腺细胞或肝细胞谱系。在动物模型中，脐带间充质干细胞已表现出体内分化能力和对宿主器官/组织的良好免疫相容性，即使在异种移植中也是如此。本文将重点介绍其细胞特征、多能分化能力以及在肌肉骨骼组织工程中的应用潜力。
