Mann Rajinder S, Kaufman Phillip E
Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0620, USA.
J Vector Ecol. 2010 Dec;35(2):286-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1948-7134.2010.00084.x.
Laboratory colonization of hematophagous insects must include an efficient method of blood feeding, preferably by artificial means. Strict rules for obtaining animal use permits, extensive animal maintenance costs, and indirect anesthesia effects on animal health warrant the development of an artificial membrane feeding technique for sand fly colonization in laboratories. An attempt was made to colonize Lutzomyia shannoni using an artificial blood feeding membrane to replace the use of live animals commonly used for sand fly blood-feeding purposes. Lutzomyia shannoni readily fed through a pig intestine membrane exposed at an angle of 45°. However, it did not feed through a chicken skin membrane. Olfactory attractants were unable to improve blood-feeding efficiency. Plaster of Paris was the most suitable oviposition substrate. Female L. shannoni adults laid no eggs on moist sand substrate. Sand fly adults held in groups of ten or more laid higher numbers of eggs than did individually maintained sand flies. Inclusion of the L. longipalpis oviposition hormone dodecanoic acid or the presence of previously laid eggs did not stimulate L. shannoni oviposition. The average L. shannoni egg, larval, and pupal duration were 9.3, 36.7, and 17.8 days, respectively. The addition of a 20% sugar solution improved adult female longevity. Females survived longer (14.8 days) than males (11.9 days). Lutzomyia shannoni was successfully colonized in the laboratory for up to four generations using this artificial membrane technique.
对吸血昆虫进行实验室饲养必须包括一种有效的血液喂食方法，最好是通过人工手段。获取动物使用许可证的严格规定、高昂的动物饲养成本以及麻醉对动物健康的间接影响，促使人们开发一种用于实验室沙蝇饲养的人工膜喂食技术。尝试使用人工血膜来饲养香农白蛉，以取代通常用于沙蝇采血的活体动物。香农白蛉很容易通过以45°角暴露的猪肠膜进食。然而，它不能通过鸡皮膜进食。嗅觉引诱剂无法提高采血效率。巴黎石膏是最合适的产卵基质。香农白蛉雌成虫不在潮湿的沙子基质上产卵。成群饲养（十只或更多）的沙蝇成虫比单独饲养的沙蝇产卵数量更多。添加长须白蛉产卵激素十二烷酸或已有卵的存在并不能刺激香农白蛉产卵。香农白蛉卵、幼虫和蛹的平均持续时间分别为9.3天、36.7天和17.8天。添加20%的糖溶液可提高雌成虫的寿命。雌虫（14.8天）比雄虫（11.9天）存活时间更长。利用这种人工膜技术，香农白蛉在实验室中成功饲养了多达四代。
