Stompe Thomas, Zitterl Werner, Aigner Martin, Ritter Kristina, Hauska Stephanie, Chaudhry Haroon
Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität Wien.
Neuropsychiatr. 2010;24(4):252-8.
Etiological illness concepts of patients with schizophrenia are an important factor for the drug compliance as well as for a successful psychotherapeutic approach. These cognitive representations are influenced by issues like the illness, culture, gender, and age. The aim of this study was the elaboration of the interaction of these factors with special consideration of the gender aspect.
The notions about the reasons of illness were explored by means of a 41-item standardized self-rating instrument in 240 patients suffering from schizophrenia from Pakistan and Austria.
Only in the scale "conflicts" the mean values for Austrian women were statistically significant higher than for their male counterparts. In Pakistani patients we found no significant differences, patients with an early age at onset of illness more frequently reported a magic-religious explanatory model in both cultures. Austrian patients with a longer duration of illness believed more often that the outbreak of the illness was caused by negligent behaviour.
While gender has important effects on course and outcome of schizophrenia, the influence on etiological illness concepts is rather weak. Two reasons can be postulated: (a) The acquirement of knowledge about the development of mental disorders is culture-specific, but not gender-specific, (b) psychotic disorders are even out originally existing gender differences.
精神分裂症患者的病因性疾病观念是影响药物依从性以及心理治疗方法成功与否的重要因素。这些认知表现会受到疾病、文化、性别和年龄等因素的影响。本研究的目的是详细阐述这些因素之间的相互作用，并特别考虑性别因素。
通过一份包含41个条目的标准化自评工具，对来自巴基斯坦和奥地利的240名精神分裂症患者关于疾病原因的观念进行了探究。
仅在“冲突”量表中，奥地利女性的均值在统计学上显著高于男性。在巴基斯坦患者中，我们未发现显著差异，在两种文化中，发病年龄早的患者更频繁地报告神奇 - 宗教解释模型。病程较长的奥地利患者更常认为疾病的爆发是由疏忽行为引起的。
虽然性别对精神分裂症的病程和结局有重要影响，但对病因性疾病观念的影响相当微弱。可以提出两个原因：（a）关于精神障碍发展的知识获取具有文化特异性，而非性别特异性；（b）精神障碍甚至消除了原本存在的性别差异。
