Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, and Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90027, USA.
J Surg Res. 2012 Apr;173(2):327-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.10.031. Epub 2010 Nov 21.
The California statewide helmet law was enacted in 1994, and required all cyclists under age 18 y to be helmeted when riding a bicycle. The purpose of this study is to describe helmet use patterns, rates of head and intra-abdominal injury in Los Angeles County before and after helmet legislation, and to determine if increasing helmet use is changing injury patterns.
We conducted a retrospective review of trauma patients under age 18 y in the Los Angeles County trauma database between 1992 and 2009 injured while riding bicycles. We examined the variables of age, gender, race, Glasgow Coma Score, Injury Severity Score, presence of head injury, presence of abdominal injury, and use of protective helmet.
During this time period, there were 44,187 injured children less than 18 y of age, and there were 1684 bike-related traumas with data on helmet use. Injury patterns did not change after the helmet law, with head injuries predominating.
The rate of helmet use did not change after California legislation, and head injury remains a major source of morbidity. Rates of abdominal injury over this time period did not change. Novel strategies are needed to increase helmet use in at-risk populations.
1994 年，加利福尼亚州颁布了全州范围的头盔法，要求所有 18 岁以下的骑自行车者戴头盔。本研究的目的是描述加利福尼亚州头盔立法前后洛杉矶县头盔使用模式和头部及腹部损伤的发生率，并确定头盔使用率的增加是否改变了损伤模式。
我们对 1992 年至 2009 年期间洛杉矶县创伤数据库中年龄在 18 岁以下的因骑自行车受伤的创伤患者进行了回顾性研究。我们检查了年龄、性别、种族、格拉斯哥昏迷评分、损伤严重程度评分、头部损伤、腹部损伤以及使用保护头盔的变量。
在此期间，有 44187 名 18 岁以下的受伤儿童，有 1684 例与自行车相关的创伤，有头盔使用数据。头盔法颁布后，损伤模式并未改变，头部损伤仍然是发病率的主要原因。
加利福尼亚州立法后头盔使用率没有改变，头部损伤仍然是发病率的主要原因。在此期间，腹部损伤的发生率没有变化。需要采取新的策略来增加高危人群的头盔使用率。
