Nutritional Sciences Program and Center for Public Health Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-3410.
J Nutr. 2011 Feb;141(2):333-40. doi: 10.3945/jn.110.131920. Epub 2010 Dec 22.
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee has recommended that no more than 5-15% of total dietary energy should be derived from solid fats and added sugars (SoFAS). The guideline was based on USDA food pattern modeling analyses that met the Dietary Reference Intake recommendations and Dietary Guidelines and followed typical American eating habits. This study recreated food intake patterns for 6 of the same gender-age groups by using USDA data sources and a mathematical optimization technique known as linear programming. The analytic process identified food consumption patterns based on 128 food categories that met the nutritional goals for 9 vitamins, 9 minerals, 8 macronutrients, and dietary fiber and minimized deviation from typical American eating habits. Linear programming Model 1 created gender- and age-specific food patterns that corresponded to energy needs for each group. Model 2 created food patterns that were iso-caloric with diets observed for that group in the 2001-2002 NHANES. The optimized food patterns were evaluated with respect to MyPyramid servings goals, energy density [kcal/g (1 kcal = 4.18 kJ)], and energy cost (US$/2000 kcal). The optimized food patterns had more servings of vegetables and fruit, lower energy density, and higher cost compared with the observed diets. All nutrient goals were met. In contrast to the much lower USDA estimates, the 2 models placed SoFAS allowances at between 17 and 33% of total energy, depending on energy needs.
2010 年饮食指南咨询委员会建议，总膳食能量不应超过 5-15%来自固体脂肪和添加糖（SoFAS）。该指南基于美国农业部食物模式建模分析，符合膳食参考摄入量建议和饮食指南，并遵循典型的美国饮食习惯。本研究使用美国农业部数据源和一种称为线性规划的数学优化技术，为 6 个相同性别-年龄组重新创建了食物摄入模式。分析过程根据满足 9 种维生素、9 种矿物质、8 种宏量营养素和膳食纤维营养目标并最大限度地减少偏离典型美国饮食习惯的 128 种食物类别，确定了食物消费模式。基于线性规划模型 1 为每个组创建了符合性别和年龄的特定食物模式，以满足各组成员的能量需求。模型 2 为与该组在 2001-2002 年 NHANES 中观察到的饮食相匹配的热量创建了食物模式。优化后的食物模式是根据 MyPyramid 份量目标、能量密度[kcal/g（1 kcal = 4.18 kJ)] 和能量成本（每 2000 千卡 2 美元）进行评估的。与观察到的饮食相比，优化后的食物模式蔬菜和水果的份量更多，能量密度更低，成本更高。所有营养目标都得到满足。与美国农业部的低估计值相反，这 2 个模型将 SoFAS 津贴设定在总能量的 17%至 33%之间，具体取决于能量需求。
