Portland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2011 Mar;23(2):137-41. doi: 10.1097/BOR.0b013e3283434501.
Patients frequently inquire about exercise as a means to improve bone strength and reduce osteoporotic fracture. Understanding the biologic mechanisms and the available clinical evidence supporting the role of exercise in bone health is the key to an educated discussion.
Exercise downregulates sclerostin expression by the osteocyte favoring osteoblastogenesis. These changes are enhanced by dynamic cyclical load with rest periods and may be promoted by low-amplitude high-frequency stimuli. In the prepubertal years, exercise results in periosteal gains, whereas exercise later in life maintains bone mass, reduces falls and probably associated fractures, and improves quality-of-life measures.
Future studies should examine the effect of exercise on bone strength and determine the minimum quantity and frequency and the exercise type most effective to reduce osteoporotic fractures.
患者经常询问运动是否可以增强骨强度和减少骨质疏松性骨折。了解运动对骨骼健康的生物学机制和现有临床证据是进行有针对性讨论的关键。
运动通过成骨细胞抑制骨钙素表达，从而促进成骨细胞生成。这些变化通过具有休息期的动态周期性负荷增强，并且可能通过低幅度高频刺激来促进。在青春期前，运动导致骨膜增加，而在生命后期的运动则维持骨量，减少跌倒和可能相关的骨折，并改善生活质量的衡量标准。
未来的研究应检查运动对骨强度的影响，并确定减少骨质疏松性骨折最有效的最小数量、频率和运动类型。
