Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Milan, Segrate, Italy.
Neurochem Res. 2011 Sep;36(9):1636-44. doi: 10.1007/s11064-010-0360-7. Epub 2010 Dec 23.
The sphingolipid plasma membrane content and pattern is the result of several processes, among which the main, in term of quantity, are: neo-biosynthesis in endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, membrane turnover with final catabolism in lysosomes and membrane shedding. In addition to this, past and recent data suggest that the head group of sphingolipids can be opportunely modified at the plasma membrane level, probably inside specific membrane lipid domains, by the action of enzymes involved in the sphingolipids metabolism, working directly at the cell surface. The number of membrane enzymes, hydrolases and transferases, acting on membrane sphingolipids is growing very rapidly. In this report we describe some properties of these enzymes.
脂质双层的组成和结构是多种过程的结果，其中主要的（就数量而言）是：内质网和高尔基体中的新生物合成、最终在溶酶体中分解代谢的膜周转以及膜脱落。除此之外，过去和最近的数据表明，神经酰胺的头部基团可以在质膜水平上被及时修饰，可能是在特定的膜脂域内，由参与神经酰胺代谢的酶的作用，直接在细胞表面上进行。作用于膜神经酰胺的膜酶、水解酶和转移酶的数量正在迅速增加。在本报告中，我们描述了这些酶的一些特性。
