National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20892, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011 Jan;1216:1-23. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05832.x. Epub 2010 Dec 23.
Created forty years ago, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) has played a major role in the great strides made in the understanding, treatment, prevention, and public acceptance of alcohol-use disorders. Throughout most of U.S. history "habitual drunkenness" was viewed as a problem of moral degeneracy or character flaw inherent in the individual. However, the wealth of scientific evidence amassed throughout NIAAA's history has established alcoholism as a medical condition, that is, as a disease for which affected individuals should feel no shame or be treated with disdain. We look at the developments in alcohol epidemiology, typology, etiology, prevention, and treatment research over the past 40 years. We also discuss how NIAAA addresses alcohol disorders from a life-course framework, affecting all stages of the lifespan, from fetus through child, adolescent, and young adult, to midlife/senior adult, with each stage involving different risks, consequences, prevention efforts, and treatment strategies.
四十年前成立的美国国家酒精滥用与酒精中毒研究所（NIAAA）在推动人们对酒精使用障碍的理解、治疗、预防和公众接受方面发挥了重要作用。在美国历史的大部分时间里，“习惯性酗酒”被视为一种道德堕落或个人内在性格缺陷的问题。然而，NIAAA 历史上积累的大量科学证据已经将酗酒确立为一种医学病症，也就是说，酗酒是一种疾病，患者不应该感到羞耻，也不应该受到歧视。我们回顾了过去 40 年来酒精流行病学、分类学、病因学、预防和治疗研究的发展。我们还讨论了 NIAAA 如何从生命全程框架来解决酒精障碍问题，该框架影响生命全程的各个阶段，从胎儿到儿童、青少年和青年，再到中年/老年，每个阶段都涉及不同的风险、后果、预防措施和治疗策略。
