Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Trends Cell Biol. 2011 Mar;21(3):159-67. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2010.11.003. Epub 2010 Dec 21.
Tethering factors are large protein complexes that capture transport vesicles and enable their fusion with acceptor organelles at different stages of the endomembrane system. Recent studies have shed new light on the structure and function of a heterotetrameric tethering factor named Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP), which promotes fusion of endosome-derived, retrograde transport carriers to the trans-Golgi network (TGN). X-ray crystallography of the Vps53 and Vps54 subunits of GARP has revealed that this complex is structurally related to other tethering factors such as the exocyst, the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) and Dsl1 (dependence on SLY1-20) complexes, indicating that they all might work by a similar mechanism. Loss of GARP function compromises the growth, fertility and/or viability of the defective organisms, emphasizing the essential nature of GARP-mediated retrograde transport.
tethering factors 是一种大型蛋白复合物，可以捕获运输小泡，并在细胞内膜系统的不同阶段促进它们与受体细胞器融合。最近的研究揭示了一种名为高尔基体相关逆行蛋白（GARP）的异四聚体 tethering factor 的结构和功能。GARP 促进内体衍生的逆行运输载体与顺面高尔基网络（TGN）的融合。GARP 的 Vps53 和 Vps54 亚基的 X 射线晶体学表明，该复合物在结构上与其他 tethering factor 相关，如外泌体、保守寡聚高尔基体（COG）和 Dsl1（依赖于 SLY1-20）复合物，这表明它们可能都通过类似的机制发挥作用。GARP 功能的丧失会影响有缺陷的生物体的生长、繁殖和/或生存能力，这强调了 GARP 介导的逆行运输的重要性。
