European Commission-Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra (VA), Italy.
Environ Pollut. 2011 Nov;159(11):3223-32. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.11.024. Epub 2010 Dec 25.
We investigate the possibility to replace the - so-called - Tier 1 IPCC approach to estimate soil N(2)O emissions with stratified emissions factors that take into account both N-input and the spatial variability of the environmental conditions within the countries of the European Union, using the DNDC-Europe model. Spatial variability in model simulations is high and corresponds to the variability reported in literature for field data. Our results indicate that (a) much of the observed variability in N(2)O fluxes reflects the response of soils to external conditions, (b) it is likely that national inventories tend to overestimate the uncertainties in their estimated direct N(2)O emissions from arable soils; (c) on average over Europe, the fertilizer-induced emissions (FIE) coincide with the IPCC factors, but they display large spatial variations. Therefore, at scales of individual countries or smaller, a stratified approach considering fertilizer type, soil characteristics and climatic parameters is preferable.
我们研究了用分层排放因子来替代所谓的一级政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）方法来估算土壤 N(2)O 排放的可能性，这些排放因子考虑了氮输入和欧盟各国环境条件的空间变异性，使用了 DNDC-Europe 模型。模型模拟中的空间变异性很高，与文献中对田间数据的变异性报告相符。我们的结果表明：(a) 大部分观测到的 N(2)O 通量变化反映了土壤对外界条件的响应；(b) 国家清单很可能高估了其估算耕地土壤直接 N(2)O 排放的不确定性；(c) 在整个欧洲，肥料引起的排放（FIE）与 IPCC 因素相符，但它们显示出很大的空间变化。因此，在单个国家或更小的尺度上，考虑肥料类型、土壤特性和气候参数的分层方法是更好的选择。
