Berry Christopher J, Shanks David R, Li Selina, Rains Luke Sheridan, Henson Richard N A
Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom.
Can J Exp Psychol. 2010 Dec;64(4):241-55. doi: 10.1037/a0021525.
Implicit memory is widely regarded as an unconscious form of memory. However, evidence for what is arguably a defining characteristic of implicit memory-that its contents are not accessible to awareness-has remained elusive. Such a finding of "pure" implicit memory would constitute evidence against a single-system model of recognition and priming that predicts that priming will not occur in the (true) absence of recognition. In three experiments, using a rapid serial visual presentation procedure at encoding, we tested this prediction by attempting to replicate some previous studies that claimed to obtain pure implicit memory. We found no evidence of priming in the absence of recognition; instead, priming and recognition were associated across experiments: when priming was absent, recognition was also absent (Experiments 1 and 2), and when priming was reliably greater than chance, recognition was similarly greater than chance (Experiment 3). The results are consistent with the prediction of a single-system model, which was fit to the data from all the experiments. The results are also consistent with the notion that the memory driving priming is accessible to awareness.
内隐记忆被广泛认为是一种无意识的记忆形式。然而，关于内隐记忆一个可说是决定性特征的证据——其内容无法被意识所获取——却一直难以捉摸。这样一个“纯粹”内隐记忆的发现将构成反对识别与启动效应单系统模型的证据，该模型预测在（真正）没有识别的情况下启动效应不会发生。在三个实验中，我们在编码阶段使用快速序列视觉呈现程序，通过试图重复一些先前声称获得纯粹内隐记忆的研究来检验这一预测。我们没有发现在没有识别的情况下存在启动效应的证据；相反，在各个实验中启动效应和识别是相关联的：当没有启动效应时，也没有识别（实验1和2），而当启动效应可靠地大于随机水平时，识别也同样大于随机水平（实验3）。这些结果与单系统模型的预测一致，该模型与所有实验的数据相拟合。这些结果也与驱动启动效应的记忆可被意识获取这一观点一致。
