Department of Psychological Science, Northern Kentucky University, Highland Heights, KY 41099, USA.
Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 2010 Dec;18(6):553-61. doi: 10.1037/a0021740.
There has been a dramatic rise in the consumption of glucose energy drinks (e.g., Amp, Monster, and Red Bull) in the past decade, particularly among high school and college students. However, little laboratory research has examined the acute objective and subjective effects of energy drinks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effects of a glucose energy drink (Red Bull) on cognitive functioning. Participants (N = 80) were randomly assigned to one of five conditions: 1.8 ml/kg energy drink, 3.6 ml/kg energy drink, 5.4 ml/kg energy drink, placebo beverage, or no drink. Participants completed a well-validated behavioral control task (the cued go/no-go task) and subjective measures of stimulation, sedation, and mental fatigue both before and 30 minutes following beverage administration. The results indicated that compared with the placebo and no drink conditions, the energy drink doses decreased reaction times on the behavioral control task, increased subjective ratings of stimulation and decreased ratings of mental fatigue. Greatest improvements in reaction times and subjective measures were observed with the lowest dose and improvements diminished as the dose increased. The findings suggest that energy drink consumption can improve cognitive performance on a behavioral control task, potentially explaining the dramatic rise in popularity of these controversial new beverages.
在过去十年中，葡萄糖能量饮料（如 Amp、Monster 和 Red Bull）的消费急剧上升，尤其是在高中生和大学生中。然而，很少有实验室研究检查能量饮料的急性客观和主观影响。本研究的目的是调查葡萄糖能量饮料（红牛）对认知功能的急性影响。参与者（N=80）被随机分配到以下五种条件之一：1.8 ml/kg 能量饮料、3.6 ml/kg 能量饮料、5.4 ml/kg 能量饮料、安慰剂饮料或不喝。参与者在饮用饮料前和 30 分钟后完成了一项经过充分验证的行为控制任务（提示 Go/No-Go 任务）和刺激、镇静和精神疲劳的主观测量。结果表明，与安慰剂和不喝条件相比，能量饮料剂量降低了行为控制任务的反应时间，增加了刺激的主观评分，降低了精神疲劳的评分。在最低剂量下观察到反应时间和主观测量的最大改善，随着剂量的增加，改善效果减弱。这些发现表明，能量饮料的消费可以提高行为控制任务的认知表现，这可能解释了这些有争议的新型饮料的普及程度急剧上升的原因。
