Okonkwo T J N, Okorie O, Okonta J M, Okonkwo C J
Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, University of Port Harcourt, East-West Road, Choba, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010 May;72(3):353-7. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.70482.
The extracts of Anacardium occidentale have been used in the management of different cardiovascular disorders in Nigeria. These have necessitated the assessment of the toxicity of this plant extract in sub-chronic administration. The inner stem bark of Anacardium occidentale was extracted with 80 % methanol and quantitatively analysed for antinutrients and some heavy metals. The phytochemical compositions and acute toxicity of the extract were determined also. Toxicity profiles of the extract on some liver function parameters were evaluated following a sub-chronic oral administration at doses of 1.44 and 2.87 g/kg. The phytochemical screening of extract revealed the presence of high amount of tannins, moderate saponins and trace of free reducing sugars. The antinutrient levels were 5.75 % (tannins), 2.50 % (oxalates), 2.00 % (saponins), 0.25 % (phytate) and 0.03 % (cyanide). The quantity of iron detected from dried crude was 8.92 mg/100 g, while lead and cadmium were non-detectable. The extract had LD(50)of 2.154g/kg p.o. in mice. Sub-chronic administration of the extract significantly increased the serum levels of alanine aminotransaminase and aspartate aminotransaminase, which are indicative of liver damage. The serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and total protein of the treated animals were not significantly increased. The effects of sub-chronically administered extract on hepatocytes were minimal as the serum alkaline phosphatase; total bilirubin and total protein levels in treated animals were not significant (p< 0.05). Thus, sub-chronic administrations of Anacardium occidentale inner stem bark extract did not significantly (p< 0.05) depress the function of hepatocytes in Wistar rats.
在尼日利亚，腰果提取物已被用于治疗各种心血管疾病。因此有必要评估这种植物提取物在亚慢性给药时的毒性。用80%的甲醇提取腰果的内茎皮，并对抗营养物质和一些重金属进行定量分析。还测定了提取物的植物化学成分和急性毒性。以1.44和2.87 g/kg的剂量进行亚慢性口服给药后，评估提取物对一些肝功能参数的毒性特征。提取物的植物化学筛选显示含有大量单宁、适量皂苷和微量游离还原糖。抗营养物质含量分别为5.75%（单宁）、2.50%（草酸盐）、2.00%（皂苷）、0.25%（植酸盐）和0.03%（氰化物）。干燥粗提物中铁的含量为8.92 mg/100 g，未检测到铅和镉。该提取物对小鼠的经口半数致死量（LD50）为2.154 g/kg。提取物的亚慢性给药显著提高了丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶的血清水平，这表明肝脏受到损伤。治疗动物的碱性磷酸酶和总蛋白血清水平没有显著升高。亚慢性给药提取物对肝细胞的影响最小，因为治疗动物的血清碱性磷酸酶、总胆红素和总蛋白水平无显著变化（p<0.05）。因此，腰果内茎皮提取物的亚慢性给药对Wistar大鼠肝细胞功能没有显著（p<0.05）抑制作用。
