Karila L, Petit A, Phan O, Reynaud M
Centre d'Enseignement, de Recherche et de Traitement des Addictions, Hôpital Universitaire Paul Brousse, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, France.
Rev Med Liege. 2010 Nov;65(11):623-7.
Cocaine remains the second most used illicit drug in Europe, after cannabis, though levels of use vary between countries. This psychostimulant has become a noticeable part of the European drug scene. Cocaine dependence, a chronic, relapsing and multifactorial disorder, is a significant worldwide public health problem with somatic, legal, social, cognitive and psychological complications. The relationship between clinical psychotic symptoms and use of specific substances other than cannabis has received minimal attention in the literature. Psychotic symptoms and experience of paranoia and suspiciousness are reported during the use and the withdrawal of cocaine. Furthermore, although psychotic symptoms were found to be common among substance users, the risk for development of chronic psychotic disorder was found. In the light of recent epidemiological data stating that there is an increased cocaine use, that there is an increased number of patients entering drug treatment for primary cocaine use in Europe for several years and that cocaine users are an heterogeneous group, we made a review on the specific topic of cocaine-induced psychotic disorders. This review is based on Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Google Scholar searches of English and French-language articles published between 1969 and February, 2010.
可卡因仍是欧洲仅次于大麻的第二大最常使用的非法药物，不过各国的使用水平有所不同。这种精神兴奋剂已成为欧洲毒品问题中一个显著的部分。可卡因依赖是一种慢性、复发性且多因素的疾病，是一个在全球范围内存在重大躯体、法律、社会、认知和心理并发症的公共卫生问题。临床精神病性症状与除大麻之外的特定物质使用之间的关系在文献中受到的关注极少。在使用可卡因及戒断期间会出现精神病性症状、偏执和猜疑体验。此外，虽然在物质使用者中精神病性症状很常见，但也发现了发展为慢性精神病性障碍的风险。鉴于最近的流行病学数据表明，可卡因的使用有所增加，在欧洲有越来越多因初次使用可卡因而进入戒毒治疗的患者，且可卡因使用者是一个异质性群体，我们对可卡因所致精神病性障碍这一特定主题进行了综述。本综述基于对1969年至2010年2月期间发表的英文和法文文章在Medline、EMBASE、PsycINFO和谷歌学术上的检索。
