Cellule de l'Institut de Veille Sanitaire en Région océan Indien, 2 bis, avenue Georges-Brassens, Saint-Denis cedex 9, Reunion.
Diabetes Metab. 2011 Jun;37(3):201-7. doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2010.09.007. Epub 2010 Dec 28.
Mayotte, a French overseas territory located in the Indian Ocean, has never had a previous estimate of diabetes prevalence, but has recently undergone socioeconomic changes leading to lifestyle modifications. For this reason, a survey was carried out in 2008 to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in the island's population.
A three-step, randomized sample of 1268 individuals, aged 30-69 years, was home-screened, using capillary blood glucose and capillary HbA(1c), weight, height, waist circumference and two blood-pressure measurements. Those with a history of diabetes, glucose ≥1 g/L (fasting) or ≥1.40 g/L (non-fasting), or HbA(1c)≥6%, and a subgroup of those with normal results were examined at a healthcare centre to measure venous HbA(1c) and glucose, and to diagnose diabetes, using an oral glucose tolerance test.
The weighted prevalence of diabetes (venous plasma glucose ≥1.26 g/L at fasting and/or ≥2 g/L at 2 h, or treatment with oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin) was 10.5% (95% CI: 8.2-13.4%). This increased with age from 3% at age 30-39 years to 26% at age 60-69 years, with no gender differences. Also, more than 50% of those with diabetes were unaware of it, while half of those treated for diabetes still had HbA(1c) levels >7%. The prevalence of overweight (BMI: 25-29 kg/m(2)) was estimated to be 35% in men and 32% in women, while obesity (≥30 kg/m(2)) was estimated to be 17% in men and 47% in women.
The high prevalence of obesity combined with a high prevalence of diabetes indicates a potential for further increases in the prevalence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in Mayotte. Preventative action against obesity, diabetes and hypertension is required now, as well as plans for appropriate healthcare delivery in the island.
马约特岛是法国的海外领土，位于印度洋，此前从未对糖尿病的流行情况进行过估计，但最近经历了导致生活方式改变的社会经济变化。因此，2008 年进行了一项调查，以估计该岛人群的糖尿病和心血管风险因素的流行情况。
对 1268 名年龄在 30-69 岁的个体进行了三步、随机抽样，使用毛细血管血糖和毛细血管 HbA(1c)、体重、身高、腰围和两次血压测量进行家庭筛查。有糖尿病史、血糖≥1 g/L（空腹）或≥1.40 g/L（非空腹）或 HbA(1c)≥6%的个体，以及正常结果的亚组个体，在医疗中心检查静脉 HbA(1c)和血糖，并进行口服葡萄糖耐量试验以诊断糖尿病。
糖尿病的加权患病率（空腹时静脉血浆血糖≥1.26 g/L 和/或 2 小时时≥2 g/L，或使用口服降糖药或胰岛素治疗）为 10.5%（95%CI：8.2-13.4%）。患病率随年龄增长而增加，从 30-39 岁的 3%增加到 60-69 岁的 26%，性别间无差异。此外，超过 50%的糖尿病患者对此不知情，而一半接受治疗的糖尿病患者的 HbA(1c)水平仍>7%。超重（BMI：25-29 kg/m(2)）的患病率估计男性为 35%，女性为 32%，而肥胖（≥30 kg/m(2)）的患病率估计男性为 17%，女性为 47%。
肥胖的高患病率加上糖尿病的高患病率表明，马约特岛糖尿病和心血管疾病的患病率可能进一步上升。现在需要采取预防肥胖、糖尿病和高血压的行动，以及制定该岛适当的医疗保健计划。
