Department of Dermatology, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2011 Apr;24(2):100-5. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328342f787.
Malassezia yeasts are associated with a number of dermatologic and systemic diseases in humans and animals. Pityriasis versicolor is amongst these diseases and represents one of the most common human skin diseases. Beyond that, the role of Malassezia yeasts in the pathogenesis of other skin diseases such as psoriasis, seborrheic dermatitis and confluent and reticulate papillomatosis is discussed but remains less clear. Clear pathogenetic mechanisms of the above-mentioned diseases are not known so far. The review presents new findings on virulence factors of Malassezia yeasts, shedding light on the pathogenesis of Malassezia-associated diseases.
Several virulence factors in Malassezia yeasts are known, based on their enzymatic lipolytic activity resulting in the production of distinct metabolites and special cell wall features. Recently, a secondary metabolic pathway possibly implicated in the pathogenesis of pityriasis versicolor was described.
The article presents virulence factors of Malassezia yeasts ranging from irritant metabolic byproducts to highly bioactive indole derivatives and attempts to clarify their pathogenic implications in the different diseases. Special emphasis is given to the pathogenesis of pityriasis versicolor, as it represents the disease wherein the causative relationship with Malassezia yeasts appears the most obvious.
马拉色菌属酵母菌与人类和动物的许多皮肤疾病和系统性疾病有关。花斑癣就是这些疾病之一，是最常见的人类皮肤病之一。此外，马拉色菌属酵母菌在其他皮肤疾病（如银屑病、脂溢性皮炎和融合性网状乳头瘤病）发病机制中的作用虽然已有探讨，但仍不够明确。到目前为止，上述疾病的发病机制尚不清楚。本综述介绍了马拉色菌属酵母菌的一些新的毒力因子，为马拉色菌相关疾病的发病机制提供了新的见解。
马拉色菌属酵母菌有几种已知的毒力因子，其基于脂酶的酶促活性导致产生不同的代谢物和特殊的细胞壁特征。最近，描述了一种可能与花斑癣发病机制相关的次级代谢途径。
本文介绍了马拉色菌属酵母菌的毒力因子，范围从刺激性代谢副产物到高生物活性吲哚衍生物，并尝试阐明它们在不同疾病中的致病意义。特别强调了花斑癣的发病机制，因为马拉色菌属酵母菌与花斑癣之间的因果关系似乎最为明显。
