Gupta Aditya K, Batra Roma, Bluhm Robyn, Boekhout Teun, Dawson Thomas L
Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Science Center (Sunnybrook site) and the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004 Nov;51(5):785-98. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2003.12.034.
The yeasts of the genus Malassezia have been associated with a number of diseases affecting the human skin, such as pityriasis versicolor, Malassezia (Pityrosporum) folliculitis, seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and--less commonly--with other dermatologic disorders such as confluent and reticulated papillomatosis, onychomycosis, and transient acantholytic dermatosis. Although Malassezia yeasts are a part of the normal microflora, under certain conditions they can cause superficial skin infection. The study of the clinical role of Malassezia species has been surrounded by controversy because of their fastidious nature in vitro, and relative difficulty in isolation, cultivation, and identification. Many studies have been published in the past few years after the taxonomic revision carried out in 1996 in which 7 species were recognized. Two new species have been recently described, one of which has been isolated from patients with atopic dermatitis. This review focuses on the clinical, mycologic, and immunologic aspects of the various skin diseases associated with Malassezia. It also highlights the importance of individual Malassezia species in the different dermatologic disorders related to these yeasts.
马拉色菌属酵母与多种影响人类皮肤的疾病相关，如花斑癣、马拉色菌（糠秕孢子菌）毛囊炎、脂溢性皮炎和头皮屑、特应性皮炎、银屑病，以及较少见的其他皮肤病，如融合性网状乳头瘤病、甲癣和暂时性棘层松解性皮肤病。尽管马拉色菌酵母是正常微生物群的一部分，但在某些情况下它们可引起浅表皮肤感染。由于马拉色菌在体外的苛求特性以及相对难以分离、培养和鉴定，对马拉色菌种临床作用的研究一直存在争议。在1996年进行分类修订后，过去几年发表了许多研究，其中确认了7个种。最近描述了两个新种，其中一个是从特应性皮炎患者中分离出来的。本综述重点关注与马拉色菌相关的各种皮肤病的临床、真菌学和免疫学方面。它还强调了各个马拉色菌种在与这些酵母相关的不同皮肤病中的重要性。
