Schmall L M, Muir W W, Robertson J T
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
Equine Vet J. 1990 Jul;22(4):278-83. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1990.tb04267.x.
The effects of treatment with small volume hypertonic (2400 mOsm/litre) and isotonic (300 mOsm/litre) saline on serum electrolyte and biochemical concentrations, haemograms and blood gases were evaluated in 12 horses using a haemorrhagic shock model. Intravascular catheters were placed surgically for sample collection prior to anaesthesia. Controlled haemorrhage was initiated and continued until mean systemic pressure reached 50 to 60 mmHg. Hypertonic or isotonic saline (2 litres) was administered by intravenous infusion and data collected for 2 h. Following haemorrhage, packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin, blood glucose concentrations and erythrocyte numbers increased whereas plasma total protein and albumin concentrations decreased. Infusion of hypertonic saline resulted in a further decrease in total protein and albumin concentrations. Glucose concentrations and other haematological variables were unaffected. Isotonic saline administration did not affect electrolyte, total protein or albumin concentrations. Concentrations of sodium and chloride were unaffected by hypotension but increased significantly following hypertonic saline treatment, exceeding normal values during the immediate post treatment period. Serum osmolality increased concurrently. No significant changes in arterial and venous blood gas values were observed with haemorrhage or isotonic saline treatment. A transient decrease in arterial and venous blood pH and a sustained decrease in venous bicarbonate and base excess concentrations occurred following hypertonic saline administration. No significant increases in any serum biochemical concentrations occurred during hypotension or following infusion of either isotonic or hypertonic saline. These results demonstrate that small volume hypertonic saline can be administered safely to horses without producing extreme changes in electrolyte concentrations, blood gases or haematological parameters.
采用失血性休克模型，在12匹马中评估了小容量高渗（2400毫渗量/升）和等渗（300毫渗量/升）盐水治疗对血清电解质、生化浓度、血常规和血气的影响。在麻醉前通过手术放置血管内导管用于采集样本。开始控制性出血并持续至平均体循环压力达到50至60毫米汞柱。通过静脉输注给予高渗或等渗盐水（2升），并收集2小时的数据。出血后，血细胞比容（PCV）、血红蛋白、血糖浓度和红细胞数量增加，而血浆总蛋白和白蛋白浓度降低。输注高渗盐水导致总蛋白和白蛋白浓度进一步降低。葡萄糖浓度和其他血液学变量未受影响。给予等渗盐水不影响电解质、总蛋白或白蛋白浓度。钠和氯的浓度不受低血压影响，但在高渗盐水治疗后显著升高，在治疗后即刻超过正常值。血清渗透压同时升高。出血或等渗盐水治疗后，动脉和静脉血气值未观察到显著变化。给予高渗盐水后，动脉和静脉血pH值短暂降低，静脉碳酸氢盐和碱剩余浓度持续降低。低血压期间或输注等渗或高渗盐水后，任何血清生化浓度均未显著升高。这些结果表明，小容量高渗盐水可安全地给予马匹，而不会使电解质浓度、血气或血液学参数产生极端变化。
